Information systems

Question 1

Information systems:

Answer 1

The combination of software, hardware and telecommunication networks, that people build and use to collect, create and distribute data in an organizational setting.

Question 2

E-business:

Answer 2

Conducting internal business transactions using information and communication technology.

Question 3

Back-end information systems:

Answer 3

Corporate information systems that are for internal use, and that are crucial for the infrastructure and internal operations for the organization.

Question 4

Front-end information systems:

Answer 4

Corporate information systems that external stakeholders interact with to access back-end information systems and services.

Question 5

Information landscape:

Answer 5

Systems that organization are using and how they interrelate.

Question 6

Low code:

Answer 6

Approach to application development that enables developers, regardless of experience level, to leverage reusable components and model driven logic to build and deploy applications rapidly.

Question 7

Business process:

Answer 7

Target oriented and temporal logic consequence of activities. It contributes to a business’ value creation and is customer oriented.

Collection of related events, activities & decisions that involve a number of actors and resources, and that collectively lead to an outcome that is valuable to an organization or its customers.

Question 8

User centricity:

Answer 8

Needs of digital users must be met in every situation.
Consists of usability and user experience.

Question 9

Usability:

Answer 9

The suitability of a product that is used by specific users in a specific user context, to effectively, efficiently and satisfactorily achieve pre-defined goals.

Question 10

User experience:

Answer 10

extends usability by adding emotional factors, such as aesthetics, user interface design, sound, etc.

Question 11

Citizen Development:

Answer 11

Someone who can build productively used applications without specific coding knowledge, with support of IT.
- Domain experts
- Different roles within company
- Willing to make a change
- Linked with shadow IT.

Question 12

Complex systems

Answer 12

System that has a large number of components, or agents that interact and adapt undergoing constant change, both continuously and in interaction with their environment.

Question 13

3 features of Information Systems:

Answer 13

1. Socio-technical (objective vs. subjective).
2. Transient (static vs. dynamic).
3. Interconnected (bounded vs. unbounded).

Question 14

3 perspectives of Information systems:

Answer 14

1. Structural: complexity in design (objective, static, bounded).
2. Perceptual: complexity in understanding (subjective, static, bounded).
3. Behavioral: complexity in use (objective & subjective, dynamic, semi-bounded).

Question 15

Business agility

Answer 15

Being able to swiftly change business and business processes beyond the normal level of flexibility to effectively manage unpredictable external and internal changes.

Question 16

Enterprise architecture:

Answer 16

High level view of an enterprise’s business processes and IT systems, their interrelationship and the extent to which these processes and systems are shared by parts of the organization.

Question 17

Goals of Enterprise architecture:

Answer 17

1. Define the desirable future state of organization’s processes and IT systems.
   - Translate principles, capabilities and goals into systems and processes that enable the organization to realize these goals.
2. Provide a roadmap for achieving this state.
   - Detailed long term organization wide vision.

Question 18

Cloud computing

Answer 18

Provisioning of software and hardware based services over the internet.
- Available on demand.
- Available through network access.
- Resource pooling.
- Rapid elasticity.
- Measured/metered services.

Question 19

Software as a Service:

Answer 19

Delivery model that provides users access to hosted applications over the internet via a thin client.

Question 20

Infrastructure as a Service:

Answer 20

Delivery model under which users rent access to raw infrastructure.

Question 21

Platform as a Service:

Answer 21

Delivery model under which users can rent access to a platform upon which users can build their own applications and store their own data.

Question 22

Service Level Agreement:

Answer 22

Contracts between cloud provider and cloud user that stipulate agreements on the quality of service.
- Distribution of responsibilities.
- Agreements regarding quality of service.
- Penalties of non-conformance.

Question 23

Limitations of SaaS, IaaS, and PaaS:

Answer 23

1. Metered usage
2. Elasticity
3. Independence

Question 24

Serverless computing:

Answer 24

Hides server usage from developers and runs code on-demand automatically, scaled and billed only for the time the code is running.

Question 25

Function as a Service

Answer 25

Developers can deploy individual functions or pieces of code without the need to manage the underlying infrastructure. The cloud provider automatically handles the scaling, execution, and maintenance of these functions.

Question 26

AI:

Answer 26

The management of computational advancements that reference human intelligence, for complex decision making problems, focusing on autonomy, learning and inscrutability to enhance performance and scope

Question 27

4 things AI can do in e-commerce:

Answer 27

1. Enhance user experience. 2. Operational efficiency. 3. Customer service. 4. Decision making.

Question 28

Adaptive learning:

Answer 28

the system continuously updates its learning based on new user interactions, improving the accuracy of recommendations over time.

Question 29

Automation:

Answer 29

The application of technology to perform tasks/jobs that would otherwise require human intervention, with a tendency to automate tasks that are routine, codifiable or physically repetitive and a less likelihood to automate tasks that require non-linear abstract thinking or people skills.m

Question 30

Enterprise resource planning:

Answer 30

Integrate all data and functionalities that relates to organizational processes, gather this into a single data set and enterprise wide system that can be accessed across the entire organization.

Question 31

Tight coupling

Answer 31

Build custom integration between information systems on an as-needed basis. Enable different departments to use the same information systems.

Question 32

Interorganizational information systems

Answer 32

Information systems that facilitate the exchange of information between 2 or more organizations, whose ownership is shared by those organizations and that are tightly coupled with each others own internal information systems.

Question 33

Service:

Answer 33

Well defined and stand alone unit of functionality. Combining data or functionalities from one or more information systems.

Question 34

Application programming interface:

Answer 34

Acts as an intermediary that enables different software applications to communicate and act with each other.

Question 35

Network effects:

Answer 35

When you are mediating two parties, they are dependent on one another.

Question 36

Platforms:

Answer 36

Building blocks of reusable resources, including services and data, that servce as a stable nexus for value creating activities between external producers and consumers.

Question 37

Modularity:

Answer 37

Decoupling of interoperating systems into smaller interoperable units.

Question 38

Platform architecture:

Answer 38

Describes the internal structure of a platform, consisting of technological components, which provide the platform's data and functionality and the interrelationship between them.

Question 39

Interface:

Answer 39

Specify a pre-established way to interact and exchange with a platform and are the boundary of the platform's core technological resources.

Question 40

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Answer 40

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