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Information Technology Flashcards

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1
Q

Which IT personnel roles

should always be segregated?

A
  • Operators
  • Programmers
  • Librarians
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2
Q

What are the duties of a systems analyst?

A
  • Designs or purchases IT system
  • Responsible for flowcharts
  • Liaison between Users and Programmers
  • Note: Think IT Manager
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3
Q

What is the primary duty of

a Systems Administrator?

A

Controls database access.

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4
Q

What are the duties of a

Systems Programmer?

A

Writes, Updates, Maintains, & Tests

software systems and compilers

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5
Q

Which duties should a Systems Programmer NOT have?

A

To maximize internal control, a Systems Programmer

  • should NOT have application programming duties/abilities
  • or be an Operator on the system.
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6
Q

What are the duties of a Systems Operator?

A
  • Schedules and Monitors Jobs
  • Runs IT Help Desk
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7
Q

What duties should a System Operator NOT have?

A

For internal control purposes, they should not be a Programmer on the system.

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8
Q

If it is not possible to segregate duties in an IT System, what actions should be taken to compensate for internal control purposes?

A
  • Include Computer Logs
  • Control Group should review the logs
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9
Q

What is the purpose of a Management Information System (MIS)?

A

To assist with decision making.

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10
Q

What is an Accounting Information System (AIS)?

A

A type of Management Information System (MIS)

that processes accounting transactions.

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11
Q

What are the characteristics of an Executive Information System (EIS)?

A
  • Specialized for Company Executive needs
  • Assists with Strategy Only
  • No Decision-Making Capabilities
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12
Q

What are the characteristics of an Expert System (ES)?

A

Computer uses reasoning

Structured

No human interpretation needed

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of a Decision Support System (DSS)?

A
  • Computer provides data
  • Gives Interactive Support
  • Human interpretation needed
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14
Q

What are the characteristics of an Ad Hoc computer report?

A
  • User initiates the report.
  • The report is created upon demand.
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15
Q

When are Exception reports generated?

A

Exception reports are produced when

  • Edit Tests
  • Check Digits
  • or Self-Checking Digits

identify a problem

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16
Q

What is a query?

A

A type of Ad Hoc report, initiated by a user.

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17
Q

What is End-User Computing?

A

The User develops and executes their own application.

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18
Q

What is the primary benefit of E-commerce?

A

E-commerce makes business transactions easier.

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19
Q

What are the risks of E-commerce?

A
  • Compromised data or theft
  • Less paper trail for auditors.
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20
Q

What are the benefits of

Electronic Data Interchange?

A
  • Uses globally-accepted standards
  • Efficient
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21
Q

What is a File Server?

A

A file server stores shared programs and documents.

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22
Q

What is the purpose of a Database?

A

Located on a File Server

allows users to share documents.

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23
Q

What is the purpose of a LAN (Local Area Network)?

A

It connects computers in close proximity.

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24
Q

What is the purpose of a WAN (Wide Area Network)?

A

It connects computers that are far apart.

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25
What are the characteristics of a VAN (Value-Added Network)?
* Privately-owned Network * Serves as 3rd Party Between 2 Companies * Routes EDI Transactions * Accepts wide range of Protocols * Very Costly
26
What is the purpose of a Firewall?
Prevents unauthorized access to a network.
27
What are the characteristics of a virus?
* Takes over a computer * Needs a host program to run
28
What are the characteristics of a computer worm?
* Takes over multiple computers * Doesn't need a host program to run
29
What is the purpose of Automated Equipment Controls?
They prevent and detect hardware errors.
30
What is RAM?
* Random Access Memory. * Internal memory in the computer used during immediate processing.
31
What is a CPU?
* Computer Processing Unit * It processes commands within a computer.
32
What is Job Control Language?
It schedules and allocates system resources.
33
What are examples of input devices?
* Keyboard * Mouse * Scanner * Magnetic Ink Reader * Magnetic Tape Reader * EDI * Point of Sale Scanner
34
What are examples of Output Devices?
* Speakers * Monitors * Printers
35
What are the characteristics of Magnetic Tape storage?
* Sequential Access - Sorts data in order * Slower data retrieval * Header Label prevents Operator error by loading wrong tape * External Labels prevent accidental destruction by operator
36
What are the characteristics of Magnetic Disks?
* Random Access - Finds data in random spots * Faster data retrieval * Uses Boundary Protection for data
37
What is a Gateway?
Connects one network to another Note: the Internet is connected by Gateways
38
What are Parity Checks?
A control that detects internal data errors. A bit is added to each character- it checks to see if a bit was lost.
39
What is an Echo Check?
Transmitted data is returned to the sender for verification (it echoes back to the sender)
40
What is a Change Control?
It authorizes program changes and approves program test results.
41
What is security software?
Software that controls access to IT systems. Note: Don't confuse this with anti-virus software
42
What is the purpose of a Digital Signature?
It confirms a message has not been altered.
43
List the types of computers from smallest to largest
* PDA/Smartphone/Tablet * Microcomputer - PC- Laptop (cost-effective) * Minicomputer - Like a Mainframe- but smaller * Mainframe - Large computer with terminals attached * Supercomputer - Very powerful and very big
44
What are the units of computer data from smallest to largest?
* Bit - 1 (on) and 0 (off) * Byte - 8 bits to a byte/character * Field - group of related bytes (Ex: Name, Zip Code, Serial #) * Record - Group of related fields (MemberName, address, #) * File - Group of related records (i.e. Membership directory)
45
What is the duty of a design engineer?
Determine language used for a specific computer on a computer-to-computer basis
46
What are object programs?
Programs written in base computer language not similar to English
47
How can source programs be recognized?
They are written in a language close to English.
48
What is the purpose of a Compiler?
Takes Source language (English) and converts to Object (Computer) Language
49
How does Online Analytical Processing work?
It uses a Data Warehouse to support management decision making.
50
What is Data Mining?
Using AI and pattern recognition to analyze data stores within a Data Warehouse.
51
What is the purpose of online transaction processing?
To process a company's routine transactions.
52
What are the characteristics of batch processing?
* Data held- updates multiple files all at once * Leaves a better audit trail * Uses Grandfather-Father-Son backup (3 levels of backup kept in 3 locations)
53
What does an output control check for?
Checks to see if output data is valid distributed and used in an authorized manner.
54
What does a processing control check?
Checks if data processing produced proper output
55
What is a hash total?
An input control number, a meaningless sum of values included in the input. Ex: summing a list of SSNs to make sure the data is the same once entered as it was prior to input into the system.
56
What is a validity check?
Checks to see if data in existing tables or files belongs in the set Ex: Is there a # in an alpha-only field or a letter in a numeric-only field
57
What is a limit check?
Checks to see if numbers surpass a certain limit i.e. Age field is the number greater than 110 yrs old
58
What is a check digit?
An input control that adds an ID number to a set of digits usually at the end
59
What is a field check?
An input check that prevents invalid characters i.e. checks for alphabetic letters in a SSN field
60
What is a Hot Site?
A disaster recovery system If the main system goes down, a Hot Site is ready to take over immediately.
61
What is a Cold Site?
If a main system goes down, a Cold Site will take time to get set up and running.
62
What is the most common database language?
SQL - Structured Query Language
63
What is a Data Definition Language?
* Defines SQL Database * Controls SQL Tables
64
What is a Data Manipulation Language?
Queries SQL Database tables
65
What is a Data Control Language?
Controls Access to SQL Database
66
What are the characteristics of a Relational Database?
* Logical structure * Uses rows and columns similar to spreadsheet
67
What are the characteristics of a Hierarchical Database?
* Has various levels * Uses trees to store data
68
What are the advantages of a database?
* Data is more accessible * Reduced redundancy
69
What are the disadvantages of a database?
* Cost of installation * Skilled personnel required to maintain
70
What are the components of a database?
* Desktop client * Application Server * Database Server Your desktop runs applications and saves to a database

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