Information Technology Flashcards

Question

What are the risks of E-commerce?

Answer 1

Compromised data or theft. Less paper trail for auditors.

Answer 2

Uses globally-accepted standards Efficient

Answer 3

A file server stores shared programs and documents.

Answer 4

Located on a File Server- a Database allows users to share documents.

Answer 5

a. Identify the problem b. Design the system to be developed c. Determine project scoped. Develop a project plan. Evaluate the initial feasibility of the project

Answer 6

It connects computers in close proximity.

Answer 7

It connects computers that are far apart.

Answer 8

Privately-owned Network Serves as 3rd Party Between 2 Companies Routes EDI Transactions Accepts wide range of Protocols Very Costly

Answer 9

Prevents unauthorized access to a network.

Answer 10

Takes over a computer Needs a host program to run

Answer 11

Takes over multiple computers Doesn't need a host program to run

Answer 12

They prevent and detect hardware errors.

Answer 13

The primary goal of the design phase is to build a technical blueprint of how the proposed system will work. Components of this phase include: 1. Databases 2. User interfaces for input & output 3. Required reports 4. Programs 5. Infrastructure & controls

Answer 14

Random Access Memory. Internal memory in the computer used during immediate processing.

Answer 15

Computer Processing Unit It processes commands within a computer.

Answer 16

During the development phase the documents from the design phase are transformed into the actual system. In the design phase the platform on which the system is to operate is built or purchased off-the-shelf and customized and databases are developed

Answer 17

It schedules and allocates system resources.

Answer 18

``` Keyboard Mouse Scanner Magnetic Ink Reader Magnetic Tape Reader EDI Point of Sale Scanner ```

Answer 19

Speakers Monitors Printers

Answer 20

Sequential Access – Sorts data in order Slower data retrieval Header Label prevents Operator error by loading wrong tape External Labels prevent accidental destruction by operator

Answer 21

A console is a terminal used for communication between the operator and the computer (i.e. the operator of a mainframe computer)

Answer 22

Random Access - Finds data in random spots Faster data retrieval Uses Boundary Protection for data

Answer 23

Connects one network to another Note: the Internet is connected by Gateways

Answer 24

A control that detects internal data errors. A bit is added to each character- it checks to see if a bit was lost.

Answer 25

Transmitted data is returned to the sender for verification (it echoes back to the sender)

Answer 26

It authorizes program changes and approves program test results.

Answer 27

Software that controls access to IT systems. Note: Don't confuse this with anti-virus software

Answer 28

The testing phase involves verifying that the system works and meets the business requirements as set forth in the analysis phase. The following types of tests should be performed: 1. Unit testing - involves testing the units or pieces of code 2. System testing - involves testing of the integration of the units or pieces of code into a system 3. Integration testing - involves testing whether separate systems can work together 4. User acceptance testing - determines whether the system meets the business requirements & enables users to perform their jobs efficiently & effectively

Answer 29

A server is a high-powered micro-computer that "serve" applications and data to clients that are connected via a network Servers typically have greater capacity than their clients (micro-computers) and often act as a central repository for organizational data Servers today are often configured as a "virtual machine" meaning multiple operating systems can coexist and operate simultaneously on the same machineVirtual machines are appealing because they lower hardware costs and they create energy savings

Answer 30

A microcomputer (desktop computer and labtop computer) is designed to be used by one person at a time They are often called personal computers, which are typically used for word processing, e-mail, spreadsheets, surfing the web, creating and editing graphics, playing music and gaiming

Answer 31

Controllers are hardware units designed to operate specific input-output units

Answer 32

A buffer is a temporary storage unit used to hold data during computer operations

Answer 33

MIPS is characterized as millions of instructions per second, which is a unit for measuring the execution speed of computers

Answer 34

Tablets, Smartphone, or Personal Digital assistants are typically smaller, handheld wireless devices that depend or WiFi and/or cellular technology for communication Examples of these are: iPad, iPhone, Android, Blackberry

Answer 35

It confirms a message has not been altered.

Answer 36

The implementation phase involves putting the system in operations by the users. An organization may choose from a number of implementation methods including: 1. Parallel implementation 2. Plunge implementation 3. Pilot implementation 4. Phased implementation

Answer 37

Mainframe computers are large, powerful, high-speed computers While these are less powerful than supercomputers, they have traditionally been used for high-volume transaction processing

Answer 38

PDA/Smartphone/Tablet Microcomputer - PC- Laptop (cost-effective) Minicomputer - Like a Mainframe- but smaller Mainframe - Large computer with terminals attached Supercomputer - Very powerful and very big

Answer 39

A central processing unit (CPU) is the principal hardware components of a computer. It contains an arithmetic/logic unit, primary memory, and a control unit The major function of the CPU is to fetch stored instructions and data, decode the instructions, and carry out the instructions

Answer 40

Determine language used for a specific computer- on a computer-to-computer basis

Answer 41

Programs written in base computer language- not similar to English.

Answer 42

The parallel implementation method uses both systems until it is determined that the new system is operating properly Advantage - this method has the advantages of a full operational test of the new system with less risk of a system disaster Disadvantage - this method has the additional work and cost during the period in which both systems are operating

Answer 43

This phase involves teams including end users, information technology specialists, systems analysts, and process design specialists to understand the requirements for the proposed system A needs assessment may be performed, which involves determining the requirements for the system in terms of processes, data capture, information & reporting An analysis is performed on the existing system A gap analysis is performed to examine the differences (gaps) between the required system and the existing system The following are analyzed in this phase for the new system: a. Performance levels b. Reliability c. Quality d. Interfaces e. Security & privacy f. Constraints & limitations g. Functional capabilities h. Data structures & elements

Answer 44

They are written in a language close to English.

Answer 45

There are 6 types of storage devices: 1. Magnetic tape 2. Magnetic disks 3. RAID (Redundant array of independent disks 4. Compact discs 5. Solid State Drives (SSDs) 6. Cloud-Based Storage (Storage as a Services - "SaaS"

Answer 46

Takes Source language (English) and converts to Object (Computer) Language

Answer 47

It uses a Data Warehouse to support management decision making.

Answer 48

Using artificial intelligence and pattern recognition to analyze data stores within a Data Warehouse.

Answer 49

When an organization uses the plunge implementation method, they cease using the old system and begin using the new system immediately This method is less costly than the parallel method but it has higher risk of a system breakdown

Answer 50

To process a company's routine transactions.

Answer 51

Data held- updates multiple files all at once Leaves a better audit trail Uses Grandfather-Father-Son backup (3 levels of backup kept in 3 locations)

Answer 52

Checks to see if output data is valid- distributed and used in an authorized manner.

Answer 53

Checks if data processing produced proper output

Answer 54

The pilot implementation method involves having a small group of individuals using the new system until it is seen to be working properly Advantage - provides a partial operational test of the new system at a lower cost than parallel implementation

Answer 55

An input control number- a meaningless sum of values included in the input. Example would be summing a list of SSNs to make sure the data is the same once entered as it was prior to input into the system.

Answer 56

Checks to see if data in existing tables or files belongs in the set For example- is there a # in an alpha-only field or a letter in a numeric-only field

Answer 57

Checks to see if numbers surpass a certain limit- i.e. in an age field is the number greater than 110.

Answer 58

A compiler produces a machine language object program from a source program language

Answer 59

Multiprocessing is simultaneous execution of two or more tasks, usually by two or more CPUs that are part of the same system

Answer 60

An input check that prevents invalid characters- i.e. checks for alphabetic letters in a SSN field

Answer 61

The phased implementation method involves installing the system in a series of phases

Answer 62

A source program is a program written in a language from which statements are translated into machine language; computer programming has developed in "generations"

Answer 63

A disaster recovery system where if the main system goes down- a Hot Site is ready to take over immediately.

Answer 64

The maintenance phase involves monitoring and supporting the new system. In this phase the organization provides on-going training, help desk resources, and a system for making authorized and tested changes to the system

Answer 65

If a main system goes down- a Cold Site will take time to get set up and running.

Answer 66

SQL - Standard Query Language

Answer 67

Defines SQL Database Controls SQL Tables

Answer 68

Queries SQL Database tables

Answer 69

Controls Access to SQL Database

Answer 70

Logical structure Uses rows and columns similar to spreadsheet

Answer 71

Has various levels Uses trees to store data

Answer 72

Data is more accessible Reduced redundancy

Answer 73

Cost of installation Skilled personnel required to maintain

Answer 74

Desktop client Application Server Database Server Think: Your desktop computer runs applications and saves to a database

Answer 75

The 5th generation of source program includes visual or graphical interfaces used to create source language that is usually compiled with a 3rd or 4th generation language compiler

Answer 76

Virtual memory (storage) is online secondary memory that is used as an extension of primary memory, thus giving the appearance of larger, virtually unlimited internal memory

Answer 77

Desk checking is review of a program by the programmer for errors before the program is run and debugged on the computer

Answer 78

Debug is to find and eliminate errors in a computer program. Many compilers assist debugging by listing errors in the program such as invalid commands

Answer 79

Edit means to correct input data prior to processing

Answer 80

A loop is a set of program instructions performed repetitively a predetermined number of times or until all of a particular type of data has been processed

Answer 81

A memory dump is a listing of the content of storage

Answer 82

A patch is a section of coding inserted into a program to correct a mistake or to alter a routine

Answer 83

A run is a complete cycle of a program including input, processing and output

Answer 84

Online means equipment in direct communication with, and under the control of, the CPU Online also refers to having a connection to the Internet

Answer 85

Off-line means equipment not in direct communication with the CPU; the operator generally must intervene to connect off-line equipment or data to the CPU (i.e. mount a magnetic tape of archival data) Off-line also refers to the absence of an Internet connection

Answer 86

The different types of input devices or ways to input information into a computer are as follows: 1. Keying data 2. Online entry 3. Turnaround documents 4. Automated source data input devices 5. Electronic commerce / Electronic data interchange

Answer 87

Peripheral equipment consist of all non-CPU hardware that may be placed under the control of the central processor Classified as online or off-line, this equipment consists of input, storage, output, and communication

Answer 88

A decision support system is a computer-based system that combine models and data in an attempt to solve relatively unstructured problems with extensive user involvement

Answer 89

The various types of Online entry are as follows: 1. Visual terminal/monitors - uses keyboard to directly enter data into computer 2. Input interface - a program that controls the display for the user (usually on a computer monitor) and allows the user to interact with the system 3. Graphical user interface (GUI) - uses icons, pictures, and menus instead of text for inputs (i.e. windows) 4. Command line interface - uses text-type commands 5. Mouse, joysticks, light pens, bar-code scanners - familiar devices that allow data entry 6. Touch-sensitive screen - allows users to enter data from a menu of items by touching the surface of the monitor All the following above are methods used to input information into a computer

Answer 90

A data warehouse is a subject-oriented, integrated collection of data used to support management decision-making processes

Answer 91

A data mart is a data warehouse that is limited in scope

Answer 92

Data mining is using sophisticated techniques from statistics, artificial intelligence and computer graphics to explain, confirm and explore relationships amount data (which is often stored in a data warehouse or data mart)

Answer 93

Turnaround documents are documents that are sent to the customer and returned as inputs (i.e. utility bills - when Puget Sound Energy mail you a bill, they include a remittance advice for you to mail back with your payment. The remittance advice would be a turnaround document)

Answer 94

Business intelligence is a combination of systems that help aggregate, access, and analyze business data and assist in the business decision-making process

Answer 95

Bit - 1 (on) and 0 (off) Byte - 8 bits to a byte/character Field - group of related characters/bytes (i.e. Name- Zip Code- Serial #) Record - Group of related fields (i.e. Member name- address- phone number) File - Group of related records (i.e. Membership directory)

Answer 96

A database is a collection of interrelated files ordinarily most of which are stored online

Answer 97

Normalization is the process of separating the database into logical tables to avoid certain kinds of updating difficulties (referred to as "anomalies")

Answer 98

The components of a central processing unit are as follows: 1. Arithmetic / logic unit - performs mathematical operations and logical comparisons 2. Primary memory (storage) - active data and program steps that are being processed by the CPU. It may be divided into RAM (random access memory) and ROM (read-only memory). Application programs and data are stored in the RAM at execution time 3. Control unit - interprets program instructions and coordinates input, output, and storage devices

Answer 99

The characteristics of point-of-sale recorders are as follows: 1. POS processing allows one to record and track customer orders, process credit / debit cards, connect to other systems in a network, and manage inventory. Generally, a POS terminal has as its core a personal computer, which is provided with application-specific programs and input/output devices for the particular environment in which it will serve 2. POS terminals are used in most industries that have a point of sale such as service desk, including restaurants, lodging, entertainment, and museums. 3. POS terminals are also web-based, which makes remote training and operation possible, as well as inventory tracking across geographically dispersed locations

Answer 100

A database system consists of computer hardware and software that enables the database to be implemented

Answer 101

A monitor visually displays output

Answer 102

A database management system is software that provides a facility for communications between various application programs (i.e. payroll preparation program) and the database (i.e. a payroll master file containing the earnings records of the employees)

Answer 103

Data independence is basic to database systems, which is the concept that separates the data from the related application programs

Answer 104

Data modeling is the process of identifying and organizing a database's data, both logically and physically. A data model determines what information is to be contained in a database, how the information will be used, and how the items in the database will be related to each other

Answer 105

Entity-relationship modeling is one of the 4 ways data modeling can be constructedIt is an approach to data modeling. The model (aka Entity-Relationship diagram or ERD) divides the database into two logical parts - entities (i.e. "customer" or "product") and relations ("buys" or "pays for")

Answer 106

Computer output to microfiche makes use of photographic process to store output

Answer 107

A Primary key is one of the 4 ways data modeling can be constructed It is the field(s) that make a record in a relational database table unique

Answer 108

A Foreign key is one of the 4 ways data modeling can be constructedIt is the field(s) that are common to two or more related tables in a relational database

Answer 109

Magnetic tape is the slowest type of storage available because data is stored sequentially Primarily used for archiving purposes today

Answer 110

The components of systems software are: 1. Operating system 2. Utility programs 3. Communications software

Answer 111

A magnetic disk is the most common storage medium in use on computers today. Magnetic disks are also called "hard disks" or "hard disk drives" (HDD) Data can be accessed directly

Answer 112

Meta-data is definitional data that provides information about or documentation of other data managed within an application or environment. For example, data about data elements, records and data structures (length, fields, columns, etc.)

Answer 113

Hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) is the primary internet protocol for data communication on the world wide web

Answer 114

An operating system manages the input, output, processing and storage devices and operations of a computer An operating system performs scheduling, resource allocation and data retrieval based on instructions provided in job control language

Answer 115

Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is a standard for finding a document by typing in an address. URLs work in much the same way as addresses on mail processed by the postal department

Answer 116

The world wide web is a framework for accessing linked resources spread out over the millions of machines all over the internet

Answer 117

A utility program handles common file, data manipulation and "housekeeping" tasks (backing data up)

Answer 118

RAID (Redundant array of independent disk) is a way of storing the same data redundantly on multiple magnetic disks When originally recorded, data is written to multiple disks to decrease the likelihood of loss of data If a disk fails, at least one of the other disks has the information and continues operation

Answer 119

A web browser is client software that provides the user with the ability to locate and display web resources

Answer 120

A web server is the software that "serves" (i.e. makes available) web resources to software clients. Web resources (i.e. Apache & internet Information Server- IIS) typically run on "server" hardware

Answer 121

Compact disc are CDs and Digital Video discs (DVDs). Both are the same physical size and both use optical technology to read and write data to the disc

Answer 122

Communications software controls and supports transmission between computers, computers and monitors, and access various databases

Answer 123

An object program is the converted source program that was changed using a compiler to create a set of machine readable instructions that the CPU understands

Answer 124

A router is a communications interface device that connects two networks and determines the best way for data packets to move forward to their destinations

Answer 125

A bridge is a device that divides a LAN into two segments, selectively forwarding traffic across the network boundary it defines; similar to a switch

Answer 126

Applications software are programs designed for specific uses or "applications", such as: 1. Word processing, graphics, spreadsheets, email and database systems (i.e. MS Office, Suite) 2. Accounting software. a. Low-end b. High-end c. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

Answer 127

A switch is a device that channels incoming data from any of multiple input ports to the specific output port that will take the data toward its intended destination

Answer 128

An input control that adds an identification number to a set of digits – usually at the end

Answer 129

SSDs use microchips to store data and require no moving parts for read/write operation SSDs are faster and more expensive per gigabyte than CDs, DVDs, and HDDs SSDs are increasingly being used in place of HDDs in microcomputers, but cost and limited capacity have constrained their adoption as a primary storage device SDDs are more commonly used for auxiliary storage. SSDs that are "pluggable" are often called "thumb drives", "flash drives" or "USB drives" because they use a USB interface to "plug" into other devices

Answer 130

The types of accounting software are: 1. Low-end - all in one package designed for small organizations (i.e. QuickBooks, Peachtree) 2. High-end - ordinarily in modules (e.g. GL, A/R) 3. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) - designed as relatively complete information system "suites" for large and medium organizations. Major vendors are well known - SAP, PeopleSoft, Oracle, and J.D. EdwardsAdvantages of ERP systems - integration of various portions of the information systems, direct electronic communication with suppliers & customers, increased responsiveness to information requests for decision-making Disadvantages of ERP systems - complex, costly, and integration with supplier and customer systems may be more difficult than anticipated

Answer 131

The 1st generation of source program is machine language Machine language - composed of combinations of 1's and 0's that are meaningful to the computer

Answer 132

A blog is an asynchronous discussion or web log led by a moderator that typically focuses on a single topic. Blogs are an efficient way to share information, views, and opinions

Answer 133

Cloud-based storage (also called "Storage as a Service" or SaaS) is a type of storage that is hosted offsite, typically by third parties, and is accessed via the Internet

Answer 134

A Wiki is an information-gathering and knowledge-sharing website that is developed collaboratively by a community or group, all of whom can freely add, modify, or delete content

Answer 135

A twitter is a micro-variation of a blogRestricts input (tweets) to 140 charactersCommonly used to "follow" friends and celebrities

Answer 136

The 4th generation of source program is an "application-specific" language usually built around database systems These programs are ordinarily closer to human languages than the first three generation (i.e. SQL - structured query language: an instruction to create a report)

Answer 137

RSS / ATOM Feeds is an XML application that facilitates the sharing and syndication of website content by subscriptionRSS feeds are automatically checked by RSS-enabled client software for new website content on a regular basis

Answer 138

Information is represented in a computer via Digital and Analog: Digital - a series of binary digits (0s and 1s). One binary digit is called a "bit". A series of 8 bits is referred to as a "byte". One byte can form a letter, a number, or a special character Analog - the representation that is produced by the fluctuations of a continuous signal (i.e. speech, temperature, weight, speed, etc.). Rather than using 0s and 1s to represent information, analog signals use electrical, mechanical, hydraulic or pneumatic devices to transmit the fluctuations in the signal itself to represent infomration

Answer 139

An IP address is the number that identifies a machine as unique on the Internet

Answer 140

An ISP or internet service provider is an entity that provides access to the internet

Answer 141

An overall client-server system is a networked computing model (usually a LAN) in which database software on a server performs database commands sent to if from client computers

Answer 142

1st generation - machine language 2nd generation - assembly language 3rd generation - High-level programming languages such as COBOL, Basis, Fortran, C++, and Java 4th generation - Application-specific language usually built around database systems 5th generation - includes visual or graphical interfaces used to create source language that is usually compiled with a 3rd or 4th generation language compiler

Answer 143

Encryption is the conversion of data into a form called cipher text that cannot be easily understood by unauthorized people

Answer 144

The 2nd generation of source program is Assembly language Assembly language is a low-level programming language that uses words (mnemonics) instead of numbers to perform an operationAssembly language must be translated to machine language by a utility program called an assembler

Answer 145

An input control that adds an identification number to a set of digits – usually at the end

Answer 146

The characteristics of keying data or data entry devices is: Key-to-tape and key-to-disk - this is when data is entered on magnetic tape and/or disk and then read on a computer

Answer 147

An algorithm is a detailed sequence of actions to perform to accomplish some task (in this case to encrypt and/or decode data)

Answer 148

A key is, in the context of encryption, a value that must be fed into the algorithm used to decode an encrypted message in order to reproduce the original plain text

Answer 149

The 3rd generation of source program is "high level" programming languages such as COBOL, Basic, Fortran, C++, and Java 1. C++ & Java are considered object-oriented programs (OOP) in that they are based on the concept of an "object", which is a data structure that uses a set of routines called "methods" which operate on the data. The "objects" are efficient in that they often are reusable in other programs. 2. Object-oriented programs keep together data structures and procedures (methods) through a procedure referred to as encapsulation. Basic object-oriented programs are the concepts of a class (a set objects with similar structures) and inheritance (the ability to create new classes from existing classes)

Answer 150

Controls must exist over the origin, proper submission, and proper delivery of EDI communications. Authentication deals with the receiver of the message must having proof of the origin of the message as well as its proper submission and delivery

Answer 151

Packets are a block of data that is transmitted from one computer to another. It contains data and authentication information

Answer 152

The following are examples of Automated source data input devices: 1. Magnetic tape reader - a device capable of sensing information recorded as magnetic spots on magnetic tape (i.e. when you write a check, there are magnetic ink characters on the check to enable faster processing of check payments) 2. Magnetic ink character reader (MICR) - device that reads characters that have been encoded with a magnetic ink (i.e. blank checks) 3. Scanner - a device that reads characters on printed pages 4. Automatic teller machine (ATM) - a machine used to execute and record transactions with financial institutions 5. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) - uses radio waves to track and input data. Increasingly used for inventory and contactless payment systems. RFID tags can be read wirelessly by RFID readers; does not require line-of-sight access like bar code technology (i.e. the Good to Go Pass) 6. Point-of-sale (POS) recorders - devices that read price and product code. These function as a terminal and a cash register 7. Voice recognition - a system that understands spoken words and transmits them into a computer

Answer 153

A web master is responsible for providing expertise and leadership in the development of a website, including the design, analysis, security, maintenance, content development, and updates

Answer 154

Electronic commerce and electronic data exchange involves one company's computer communicating with another's computer For example, a buyer electronically sending a purchase order to a supplier

Answer 155

A web coordinator is responsible for the daily operations of the website

Answer 156

An intranet / extranet developer is responsible for writing programs based on the needs of the company

Answer 157

Diagnostic routines are hardware or software supplied by the manufacturer to check the internal operations and devices within the computer system

Answer 158

The system should be examined periodically (often weekly) by a qualified service technician

Answer 159

Data modeling can be constructed in any of the following ways: 1. Entity-relationship modeling 2. Primary key 3. Foreign key 4. REA data model

Answer 160

A printer produces paper output

Answer 161

A rollback is as a part of recovery, to undo changes made to a database to a point at which it was functioning properly

Answer 162

A plotter produces paper output of graphs

Answer 163

A mirrored web server is an exact copy of a website which is the best way to back up the website

Answer 164

A program flowchart is a graphic representation of the logic (processing steps) of a computer program

Answer 165

An internal control (audit) or document flowchart is a graphic representation of the flow of documents from one department to another, showing the source flow and final disposition of the various copies of all documents

Answer 166

Decision tables use a matrix format that lists sets of conditions and the actions that result from various combinations of these conditions

Answer 167

A decentralized processing structure has the following: 1. Processing (and data) are stored on computers at multiple locations 2. Ordinarily the computers involved are not interconnected by a network, so users at various sites cannot share data 3. May be viewed as a collection of independent databases, rather than a single database 4. End-user computing is relatively decentralized

Answer 168

A distributed processing structure has the following: 1. Transactions for a single database are processed at various sites 2. Processing may be on either a batch or online real-time basis 3. An overall single database is ordinarily updated for these transactions and available at the various sites

Answer 169

A proxy server is a server that saves and serves copies of web pages to those who request them. When a web page is requested, the proxy server is able to access that page either through its cache (reserve of web pages already sent or loaded) or by obtaining it through the original server A proxy server can both increase efficiency of internet operations and help assure data security

Answer 170

TCP / IP is the basic communication language or protocol of the internetIt has two layers The higher layer assembles messages or files into smaller packets that are transmitted over the Internet The lower layer assigns IP addresses and insures that messages are delivered to the appropriate computer

Answer 171

The 3 types of database client-server architecture types are: 1. Overall client-server systems 2. Subtypes of client / server architectures: File servers, Database servers, and Three-tier architectures 3. Distributed systems

Answer 172

Distributed systems are systems that connect all company locations to form a distributed network in which each location has its own input/output , processing, and storage capabilities These local computers also pass data amount themselves and possibly to a server (often referred to as a "host" in this context) for processing

Answer 173

Decryption is the process of converting encrypted data back into its original form so it can be understood The conversion is performed using an algorithm and key which only the users control

Answer 174

Web 2.0 is the 2nd generation of the web, which refers to the era of web-based collaboration and community generated content via web-based software tools such as: 1. Blog 2. Wiki 3. Twitter 4. RSS/ATOM Feeds - Really Simple Syndication

Answer 175

A private key system is an encryption system in which both the sender and receiver have access to the electronic key, but do not allow other access The primary disadvantage is that both parties must have the key, In addition, encryption and decryption uses more system overhead; which means they slow down the rate of processing

Answer 176

An internet developer is responsible for writing programs for commercial use An internet developer is similar to a software engineer or systems programmer

Answer 177

The 3 types of database client-server architecture types are: 1. Overall client-server systems 2. Subtypes of client / server architectures: File servers, Database servers, and Three-tier architectures 3. Distributed systems

Answer 178

The use of a preprinted form is a type of input validation (edit) control Information is pre-assigned a place and a format on the input form

Answer 179

The various types of subtypes of client/server architectures consist of the following: 1. File servers - manages file operations and is shared by each of the client PCs. The 3 responsibilities (input/output, processing, and storage) are divided in a manner in which most input/output and processing occurs on client computers rather than on the server. The file server acts simply as a shared data storage device 2. Database servers - similar to file servers, but this type of server contains the database management system and thus performs more processing NOTE: The above two architectures are referred to as "two-tier" architecture - client tier & server database tier 3. Three-tier architectures - a client/server configuration that includes 3 tiers. This type of architecture includes another server layer in addition to the two tiers above Examples of additional servers added may be: a. Print server b. Communications server c. Fax serverd. Web server

Answer 180

The use of a redundant data check is a type of input validation (edit) control Uses two identifiers in each transaction record (i.e. customer account number and the first five letter of customer's name) to confirm that the correct master file record is being updated

Answer 181

Similar to grandfather-father-son batch system recovery method, but at certain points, "check points", the system makes a copy of the database and this "check point" file is stored on a separate disk or tape If a problem occurs, the system is restarted at the last checkpoint and updated with subsequent transactions

Answer 182

Most CPUs have multiple jobs running simultaneously (multiprogramming environment) To ensure that these simultaneous jobs do not destroy or change the allocated memory of another job, the systems software contains boundary protection controls

Answer 183

Systems and programs should be adequately documented System specification documents should detail such matters as: 1. Performance levels 2. Reliability 3. Security & privacy 4. Constraints & limitations 5. Functional capabilities 6. Data structure & elements

Answer 184

The use of a control, batch or proof total is a type of input validation (edit) control A total of one numerical field for all the records of a batch that normally would be added (i.e. total sales dollars)

Answer 185

The use of a menu driven input is a type of input validation (edit) control As input is entered, the operator responds to a menu prompting the proper response (i.e. what score did you get on the BEC exam [75 - 99]?)

Answer 186

The use of a missing data check is a type of input validation (edit) control A control that searches for blanks inappropriately existing in input data (i.e. if an employee's division number were left blank an error message would result)

Answer 187

The use of a field size check is a type of input validation (edit) control A control of an exact number of characters to be input (i.e. if part numbers all have 6 digits, an error message would result if more or less than 6 characters were input)

Answer 188

The use of a logic check is a type of input validation (edit) control Ensures that illogical combinations of input are not accepted (i.e. If the Bellevue city branch has no company officers, an error message would result if two fields for a specified employee indicated that the employee worked as an officer in Bellevue)

Answer 189

An REA data model is one of the 4 ways data modeling can be constructed. It is a data model designed for use in designing accounting information databases. REA is an acronym for the model's basic types of objects: R - Resources: Identifiable objects that have economic value E - Events: An organization's business activities A - Agents: People or organizations about which data is collected

Answer 190

The use of a closed-loop verification is a type of input validation (edit) control A control that allows data entry personnel to check the accuracy of input data. For example, the system might retrieve an account name of a record that is being updated and display it on the operator's terminal This control may be used instead of a redundant data check

Answer 191

The control group acts as a liaison between users and the processing center This group records input data in a control log, follows the progress of processing, distributes output, and ensures compliance with control totals

Answer 192

Most CPUs have multiple jobs running simultaneously (multiprogramming environment) To ensure that these simultaneous jobs do not destroy or change the allocated memory of another job, the systems software contains boundary protection controls

Answer 193

Systems and programs should be adequately documented System specification documents should detail such matters as: 1. Performance levels 2. Reliability 3. Security & privacy 4. Constraints & limitations 5. Functional capabilities 6. Data structure & elements

Answer 194

The various types of subtypes of client/server architectures consist of the following: 1. File servers - manages file operations and is shared by each of the client PCs. The 3 responsibilities (input/output, processing, and storage) are divided in a manner in which most input/output and processing occurs on client computers rather than on the server. The file server acts simply as a shared data storage device 2. Database servers - similar to file servers, but this type of server contains the database management system and thus performs more processing NOTE: The above two architectures are referred to as "two-tier" architecture - client tier & server database tier 3. Three-tier architectures - a client/server configuration that includes 3 tiers. This type of architecture includes another server layer in addition to the two tiers above Examples of additional servers added may be: a. Print server b. Communications server c. Fax serverd. Web server

Answer 195

The use of a control, batch or proof total is a type of input validation (edit) control A total of one numerical field for all the records of a batch that normally would be added (i.e. total sales dollars)

Answer 196

The use of a missing data check is a type of input validation (edit) control A control that searches for blanks inappropriately existing in input data (i.e. if an employee's division number were left blank an error message would result)

Answer 197

The use of a field size check is a type of input validation (edit) control A control of an exact number of characters to be input (i.e. if part numbers all have 6 digits, an error message would result if more or less than 6 characters were input)

Answer 198

The use of a logic check is a type of input validation (edit) control Ensures that illogical combinations of input are not accepted (i.e. If the Bellevue city branch has no company officers, an error message would result if two fields for a specified employee indicated that the employee worked as an officer in Bellevue)

Answer 199

The methods of processing data are: 1. Batch Processing 2. Online real-time (direct access processing) a. Online transaction processing (OLTP) b. Online analytical processing (OLAP)

Answer 200

The AICPA Trust Services provide assurance on information systems uses a framework with 5 principles of a reliable system: 1. Security 2. Availability 3. Processing integrity 4. Online privacy 5. Confidentially

Answer 201

The use of a closed-loop verification is a type of input validation (edit) control A control that allows data entry personnel to check the accuracy of input data. For example, the system might retrieve an account name of a record that is being updated and display it on the operator's terminal This control may be used instead of a redundant data check

Answer 202

The operator is responsible for the daily computer operations of both the hardware and the software The operator supervises operations on the operator's console, accepts any required input, and distributes any general output The operator should have adequate documentation available to run the program (a run manual), but should not have detailed program information Help desks are usually a responsibility of operations because of the operational nature of their functions

Answer 203

A reciprocal agreement is an agreement between two or more organizations (with compatible computer facilities) to aid each other with their data processing needs in the event of a disaster This is also referred to as a mutual aid pact

Answer 204

A data flow diagram presents logical flows of data and functions in a system For example, a data flow diagram for the delivery of goods to a customer would include a symbol for the warehouse from which the goods are shipped and a symbol representing the customer It would not emphasize details such as computer processing and paper outputs

Answer 205

The steps in the system development lifecycle are: 1. Software concept - identify the need for the new system 2. Requirements analysis - determine the needs of the users 3. Architectural design - determining the hardware, software, people, etc. needed 4. Coding & debugging - acquiring & testing the software 5. System testing - testing & evaluating the functionality of the system

Answer 206

The steps in the system development lifecycle are: 1. Software concept - identify the need for the new system 2. Requirements analysis - determine the needs of the users 3. Architectural design - determining the hardware, software, people, etc. needed 4. Coding & debugging - acquiring & testing the software 5. System testing - testing & evaluating the functionality of the system

Answer 207

The AICPA Trust Services provide assurance on information systems uses a framework with 5 principles of a reliable system: 1. Security 2. Availability 3. Processing integrity 4. Online privacy 5. Confidentially

Answer 208

The systems analyst analyzes the present user environment and may: 1. Recommend specific changes 2. Recommend the purchase of a new system 3. Design a new information system The analyst is in constant contact with user departments and programming staff to ensure the users' actual and ongoing needs are being met A system flowchart is a tool used by the analyst to define the systems requirements

Answer 209

A data flow diagram presents logical flows of data and functions in a system For example, a data flow diagram for the delivery of goods to a customer would include a symbol for the warehouse from which the goods are shipped and a symbol representing the customer It would not emphasize details such as computer processing and paper outputs

Answer 210

The application programmer is responsible for writing, testing, and debugging the application programs from the specifications (whether general or specific) provided by the system analyst A program flowchart is one tool used by the applications programmer to define the program logic

Answer 211

The operator is responsible for the daily computer operations of both the hardware and the software The operator supervises operations on the operator's console, accepts any required input, and distributes any general output The operator should have adequate documentation available to run the program (a run manual), but should not have detailed program information Help desks are usually a responsibility of operations because of the operational nature of their functions

Answer 212

The control group acts as a liaison between users and the processing center This group records input data in a control log, follows the progress of processing, distributes output, and ensures compliance with control totals

Information Technology Flashcards

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