Infratemporal Fossa and Pterygopalatine Fossa

Question 1

Boundaries of Infratemporal fossa

Answer 1

Lateral: ramus of mandible
Anterior: maxilla
Medial: lateral pterygoid plate
Roof: sphenoid
Posterior: tympanic plate and mastoid/styloid processes
Inferior: angle of mandible

Question 2

What foramen should you associate with the infratemporal fossa?

Answer 2

Foramen ovale

Question 3

Contents of the infratemporal fossa

Answer 3

Inferior part of temporalis m.
Pterygoid ms.
Maxillary a. (mandibular and pterygoid parts)
Pterygoid venous plexus
Branches of V3
Chorda tympani n. (CN VII)
Otic ganglion

Question 4

What muscle can obscure some of the structures in the infratemporal fossa?

Answer 4

Lateral pterygoid m.

Question 5

Arteries likely to be seen in the mandibular part of maxillary a.?

Answer 5

Middle meningeal a.

Inferior alveolar a.

Question 6

What are branches from pterygoid part of maxillary a.?

Answer 6

Deep temporal a.
Pterygoid branches
Masseteric a.
Buccal a.

Must see these as. go into ms.

Question 7

Explain buccal n. (CN V) vs. buccal branch

Answer 7

Buccal n. is sensory to the buccinator area, while buccal branch of facial n. is motor to buccinator m.

Question 8

Branches of V3

Answer 8

Buccal n.
Lingual n.
Inferior alveolar n.
Auriculotemporal n.

Question 9

What innervates tensor palatini m., tensor tympani m. and mylohyoid m.?

Answer 9

V3, mandibular n.

Question 10

Which nerve splits around the MMA?

Answer 10

Auriculotemporal n.

Question 11

Which 2 nerves communicate to travel to the lacrimal gland?

Answer 11

Zygomaticotemporal n. (V2) and lingual n. (V1)

Question 12

Which nerves are blocked during dental procedures for the maxillary teeth?

Answer 12

Middle superior alveolar n. and anterior superior alveolar n. from intraorbital n. (V2).
Posterior superior alveolar n. (V2)

Question 13

Structure in danger with fracture to neck of mandible

Answer 13

Maxillary a.

Question 14

Structures in danger with fracture of ramus of mandible?

Answer 14

Inferior alveolar a./n.

Question 15

Structures in danger with fracture of corpus of mandible?

Answer 15

Possibly the inferior alveolar structures, depending of the fx location.

Question 16

Muscles of mastication

Innervation?

Answer 16

Temporalis m.
Masseter m.
Lateral pterygoid m.
Medial pterygoid m.

CN V (V3)

Question 17

Ms. for elevation of mandible

Answer 17

Temporalis m.
Masseter m.
Medial pterygoid ms.

Question 18

Ms. for depression of mandible

Answer 18

Lateral pterygoid ms.

Suprahyoid and infrahyoid ms.

Question 19

Ms. for protrusion of mandible

Answer 19

Lateral pterygoid ms.
Medial pterygoid ms.
Masseter m.

Question 20

Ms. for retrusion of mandible

Answer 20

Temporalis m.

Masseter m.

Question 21

Ms. for lateral movements of the mandible

Answer 21

Ipsilateral temporal m. and masseter m.

Contralateral pterygoid ms.

Question 22

Ls. of TMJ:

Function:

Answer 22

Stylomandibular l.
Sphenomandibular l.

Limit inferior movement of TMJ.

Question 23

What muscle inserts on the articular disk of the TMJ?

Answer 23

Lateral pterygoid m.

Question 24

When the jaw opens, what happens at the TMJ?

Answer 24

It disarticulates anteriorly after approx. 15 degrees.

Question 25

Nerve contributions to the TMJ

Answer 25

Mandibular n. (V3) --> auriculotemporal n., deep temporal n., and masseteric n.

Question 26

Where is an inferior alveolar nerve block performed?

Answer 26

Lateral to pterygomandibular raphe.

Question 27

Where is an infraorbital n. nerve block performed?

Answer 27

Between teeth and upper lip.

Question 28

What gives rise to the nasal septum? (3)

Answer 28

Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone Septal cartilage Vomer

Question 29

Nasal concha vs. turbinates

Answer 29

Cochae are the bones themselves, while turbinates are bones covered in mucosa.

Question 30

Superior and middle nasal concha are part of what bone?

Answer 30

Ethmoid bone

Question 31

Olfactory vs. respiratory areas of the nasal cavity

Answer 31

Olfactory is superior 1/3 | Respiratory is inferior 2/3

Question 32

Boundaries of nasal cavity

Answer 32

Roof: frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid bones. Floor: maxilla and palatine bone. Medial wall: nasal septum. Lateral wall: nasal conchae.

Question 33

What is the opening of sphenoid sinus? Where?

Answer 33

Spheno-ethmoidal recess in superior concha.

Question 34

What is the opening of the ethmoid sinuses? Where?

Answer 34

Superior nasal meatus, inferior to the superior concha.

Question 35

What is the opening to the frontal sinus? Where?

Answer 35

Middle nasal meatus, inferior to middle concha.

Question 36

What is the opening to maxillary sinus? Where?

Answer 36

Maxillary ostium, inferior to middle nasal concha.

Question 37

What is the opening for the nasolacrimal duct? Where?

Answer 37

Inferior nasal meatus, inferior to the inferior concha.

Question 38

Arterial supply to the nasal cavity

Answer 38

Maxillary a. --> sphenopalatine a., ethmoidal as., greater palatine a. Facial a. --> superior labial a., lateral nasal a.

Question 39

Arterial supply and innervation of maxillary sinus

Answer 39

Superior alveolar a. and greater palatine a. | Superior alveolar n.

Question 40

Arterial supply and innervation of ethmoid sinus

Answer 40

Ethmoidal as. (from ophthalmic a.) | Nasociliary n. (V1)

Question 41

Arterial supply and innervation of sphenoid sinus

Answer 41

Posterior ethmoidal a. | Posterior ethmoidal n.

Question 42

Arterial supply and innervation of frontal sinus

Answer 42

Supraorbital a. | Supraorbital n. (V1)

Question 43

Superior opening of pterygopalatine fossa

Answer 43

Inferior orbital fissure

Question 44

Inferior opening of pterygopalatine fossa

Answer 44

Closed except for palatine foramen

Question 45

Opening between middle cranial fossa and PP fossa

Answer 45

Foramen rotundum

Question 46

Contents of PP fossa (3)

Answer 46

Maxillary n. (V2) Pterygopalatine ganglion 3rd part of maxillary a.

Question 47

Arteries of PP fossa

Answer 47

``` Descending palatine a. Posterior-superior alveolar a. Infraorbital a. A. of pterygoid canal Sphenopalatine a. ```

Question 48

Kiesselbach area

Answer 48

Where all 5 arteries supplying the nasal cavity anastomose. If cut, it can bleed profusely.