infxns Flashcards
(24 cards)
staph aureus
-predilection pneumonia, skin, soft tiss infections
-common in community hospitals
-drug resistant strains
-doesn’t usually affect healthy skin but may enter blood stream
MRSA
-strain of staph
-resistant to beta lactam antibiotics (penicillin)
-contact
-survives on objects for long periods of time
-carried by hospital personnel
streptococcus pyogenes
group a strep
- one of the most common bacterial pathogens
-causes many disease of diverse organ systems (ex. necrotizing fasciitis)
-respiratory droplets
-droplet precautions
-HC workers with infection restrict client care at least 24hrs after tx
clostridium difficile
- anaerobic spore forming bacillus
- mild diarrhea to sever colitis (deadly)
- can happen after taking antibiotics for a long time
• common in long term HC facilities - enteric&/airborne precautions
- strict hand washing
-2ndary ti release of toxins that are released
pseudomonas aeruginosa
-gram negative
-icu, nursing homes
-can lead to pneumonia, wound infections, uti, sepsis
- contact precautions (other if in lungs)
vancomycin resistant enterococci
-endogenous enterocci (gram positive)
-in GI tract or female reproductive tract
-becomes opportunistic
-contact
acinetobacter baumannii
-multi drug resistant (most troublesome)
- gram neg
- easily spread
-can cause VAP, bloodstream/wound infections, nosocomial meningitis
carbapenem resistant enterobacteriaceae (CRE)
-common: ecoli
-gram neg
-resistant to last resort drugs (carbapenemclass)
- “superbug”
- bld stream mortality rate 50%
-“nightmare bacteria”
mycosis
-superficial or systemic fungal infection
-opportunistic fungal infections take advantage of weak imm sys (aspergillosis, candidiasis (thrush, yeast infxn), mucormycosis (molds)
coccidiomycosis
valley fever
-fungus: coccidioides
- found in soil in SW USA, mexico, south america
-mild: disappears without tx
-severe: spread thru body, often fatal
coccidiomycosis diagnosis
-specific blood test
-chest x-ray
-culture
herpes hsv1
cold sores
herpes hsv2
-sexually transmitted
- causes viral meningitis most often
varicella-zoster herpes type 3
- chickenpox
- via inhalation of respiratory droplets
- contact w vesicular fluid to mucous membranes
-can persist in body (dorsal root gangli) - highly contagious
-14-16 day incubation
-can be contagious 2 days prior to rash
herpes zoster
shingles
-reactivation
-unknown mechanism
-pts with shingles are infectious to those who have not had chickenpox
infectious mononucleosis type 4 herpes
-thru oral secretion or blood
-cause proliferation of lymph nodes & spleen
-common complication: anemia
-cautioned against excessive activity/contact sports (risk of spleen rupture)
cytomegalovirus herpes type 5
- majority no symptoms
-2/3 adults - severe for unborn babies/immunocompromised
-via bodily fluids
respiratory syncytial virus RSV
-leading cause of lower respiratory infection in children
-severe in infants, preemie, elderly, immunocomp
- droplet precautions
-most children have had by 2yo
blood borne viral pathogens
hep b & c
hiv
malaria & ebola
hepatitis
acute or viral inflammation of the liver
caused by chemical ,viral , drugs
6 different viruses
hep a
fecal/oral route
vaccine
ex. cooking/eating with unwashed hands
hep b
-most common cause of chronic hepatitis & liver cancer
-2nd major cause of cirrhosis after alcohol abuse
-highly infectious through sexual or parenteral
- vaccine
- can survive in dried blood for 1+ week
hep c
- associated w blood transfusion & IV drug abuse
- no vaccine
-can survive outside of host for up to 4 days
HIV
-immune sys infection
-invade helper t cells (cd4)
- no cure
