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GI Midterm > Inguinal Canal > Flashcards

Inguinal Canal Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the conjoint tendon

A

Combined aponeuroses of inferior/medial margins of internal oblique and transversus abdominis m., inserting into pubis

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2
Q

The fibers of the ____ ____ and the ______ _____ surround the opening of the superficial inguinal ring

A

Medial crus; lateral crus

[connected via intracrural fibers]

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3
Q

______ = ligament between pubic rami and inguinal ligament; anchors inguinal ligament to pubis

A

Lacunar ligament

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4
Q

________ = continuation of fibers from lacunal ligament running along pectin pubis

A

Pectineal ligament

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5
Q

External opening within aponeurosis for spermatic cord or round ligament

A

Superficial inguinal ring

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6
Q

What lies immediately lateral to the lacunar ligament?

A

Femoral canal (subinguinal space)

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7
Q

Describe deep inguinal ring

A

Entrance to inguinal canal and beginning of evagination into the transversalis fascia

Lies superior to inguinal ligament and lateral to the inferior epigastric

Where vas deferens and gonadal vessels/nerves pass in males and round ligament passes in females

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8
Q

Describe superficial inguinal ring

A

Exit from inguinal canal

Where spermatic cord or round ligament exit

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9
Q

The superficial inguinal ring is really a split in the aponeurosis of what muscle?

A

External oblique m.

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10
Q

Abdominal layers from external oblique m. to inguinal ligament

A 
External oblique aponeurosis
Internal oblique m.
Transversus abdominis m.
Transversalis fascia
Parietal peritoneum
Inguinal ligament (lower fibers of external oblique aponeurosis)
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11
Q

What two ligaments form a “shelf” for the spermatic cord?

A

Lacunar ligament

Pectineal ligament

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12
Q

_____ = thickening of transversalis fascia located posterior to inguinal ligament

A

Iliopubic tract

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13
Q

3 major nerves associated with inguinal ligament, canal, and ring

A

Iliohypogastric n. (L1)

Ilioinguinal n. (L1)

Genitofemoral n. (L1, L2)

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14
Q

Motor and sensory functions of iliohypogastric n. (L1)

A

Motor = abdominal mm.

Sensory = skin over pubis

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15
Q

Motor and sensory functions of ilioinguinal n. (L1)

A

Motor = abdominal mm.

Sensory = skin over upper/medial thigh and skin at root of penis, clitoris, and anterior scrotum/labia

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16
Q

What nerve traverses the inguinal canal and exits the superficial ring lateral to the spermatic cord?

A

Ilioinguinal n.

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17
Q

Motor and sensory functions of the genital branch of the genitofemoral n. (L1, L2)

A

Motor = cremasteric m.

Sensory = small part of medial thigh and scrotal/labial fascia

18
Q

During male embryonic development, gonads form near the _____ axial level and are connected to future scrotal swellings by _____________

They descend along with an out-pocketing of peritoneal cavity called the _____ _______ into the future scrotum. This connection to the peritoneum later closes and its embryonic remnant is known as the ______ ______ which surrounds the testes.

A

T10; gubernaculum

Processus vaginalis; tunica vaginalis

19
Q

When does the processus vaginalis usually close?

A

Within the 1st year postnatally

20
Q

What condition is characterized by undescended testis and an increased risk of developing testicular cancer?

A

Cryptorchid testis

21
Q

During male embryonic development, as the gonad herniates along with its blood supply and vas deferens, it carries layers of the abdominal wall with it, forming the ____ _____.

What layers of the abdominal wall are carried with it?

A

Spermatic cord

Carried with it:
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversalis fascia

22
Q

In males, what embryonic fascia comes from external oblique aponeurosis?

A

External spermatic fascia

23
Q

In males, what embryonic fascia comes from internal oblique?

A

Cremasteric fascia

24
Q

In males, what embryonic fascia comes from transversalis fascia?

A

Internal spermatic fascia

25
Q

In males, what embryonic fascia comes from processus vaginalis (peritoneum)?

A

Parietal and visceral layers of the tunica vaginalis

26
Q

What are the contents of the spermatic cord?

A 
Vas deferens
Testicular a.
Testicular vv. (Pampiniform plexus)
Gonadal nn.
Gonadal lymphatics
27
Q

What condition is characterized by varicosities of the pampiniform plexus, leading to scrotal swelling with dull and recurring pain?

A

Testicular varicocele

28
Q

A persistent processus vaginalis may lead to a patent connection between the tunica vaginalis and abdomen.

What condition might this lead to, involving peritoneal fluid accumulation within the tunica vaginalis?

A

Hydrocele

[more common in babies, in adults can result from inflammation or injury in scrotum/testis/epididymis, communicating and non-communicating types]

29
Q

What condition is characterized by an accumulation of blood in the tunica vaginalis?

A

Hematocele

30
Q

How would you determine whether a hydrocele was filled with blood vs. serous fluid?

A

Trans-illumination

If serous fluid, will be more transparent

31
Q

In terms of embryonic development in females, ovaries begin descending but the ______ becomes attached to the developing uterus

A

Gubernaculum

32
Q

In female embryonic development, what does the gubernaculum become?

A

Ovarian ligament and round ligament of uterus

33
Q

Contents of female inguinal canal

A

Round ligament of uterus

Ilioinguinal n

Genitofemoral n.

34
Q

Lymph drainage of testes and scrotum:

From scrotum/labia, lymph drains into _____ _____ nodes

Gonads in both sexes drain into ____ _____ lymph nodes and travel into lumbar area and then into ______ lymph nodes

A

Superficial inguinal

Upper pelvic; pre-aortic

35
Q

On the posterior aspect of the anterior abdominal wall, the median fold exists as a remnant of the _____

A

Urachus

36
Q

On the posterior aspect of the anterior abdominal wall, the medial fold exists as a remnant of the ____

A

Distal umbilical aa.

37
Q

On the posterior aspect of the anterior abdominal wall, the lateral folds exist due to what vessel(s)?

A

Inferior epigastric a. and v.

38
Q

What are the borders of the inguinal (Hasselbach’s) triangle?

A

Inguinal ligament
Lateral border of rectus abdomins
Lateral umbilical ligament (fold)

39
Q

Differentiate between direct, indirect, and femoral hernias

A

Direct = medial to inferior epigastric; peritoneum outside of spermatic cord

Indirect = enters dep ring; peritoneum within spermatic cord

Femoral = below inguinal ligament, more common in women

40
Q

Possible hernia sites in ventral abdominal wall

A

Umbilical

Epigastric (weakeness in wall in midline fusion point)

Spigelian (through fascia between abdominal muscles but along the semilunar line of the rectus abdominis m.)

41
Q

Groin hernia sites

A

Inguinal

Femoral

42
Q

What (in general) might cause a flank/lumbar hernia?

A

Defects in posterolateral abdominal wall allowing tissues inside abdomen to protrude

GI Midterm (14 decks)

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