Inguinal canal + hernia

Question 1

What are the 2 main types of inguinal hernia?

Answer 1

Direct inguinal hernia
Indirect inguinal hernia

Question 2

Why do hernias occur?

Answer 2

Weakness or damage to the abdominal wall

Question 3

What forms the inguinal ligament?

Answer 3

Aponeurosis of the external oblique

Question 4

What are the attachment points of the inguinal ligament?

Answer 4

ASIS and pubic tubercle

Question 5

Where do inguinal and femoral hernias occur, in relation to the inguinal ligament?

Answer 5

Inguinal hernias - above inguinal ligament, in the inguinal canal

Femoral hernia - below inguinal ligament, in femoral canal

Question 6

What is the midinguinal point?

Answer 6

Midpoint between the ASIS and the midline of the body

Question 7

What is found at the midinguinal point?

Answer 7

Femoral artery pulse

Question 8

What is found at the midpoint of the inguinal ligament?

Answer 8

Deep inguinal ring

Question 9

Which is more medial - midinguinal point or mid-point of the inguinal ligament?

Answer 9

Midinguinal point

Question 10

Which type of hernia passes through the deep inguinal ring?

Answer 10

Indirect inguinal hernia

Question 11

What are the entrance and exit points of the inguinal canal?

Answer 11

Entrance - deep inguinal ring

Exit - superficial inguinal ring

Question 12

Describe the surface anatomy of the deep inguinal ring.

Answer 12

1cm above the inguinal ligament

Between the midinguinal point and midpoint of the inguinal ligament

Question 13

The deep inguinal ring is an invagination of which tissue?

Answer 13

Transversalis fascia

Question 14

Which structure passes through the inguinal canal in males?

Answer 14

Spermatic cord

Question 15

Which structure passes through the inguinal canal in females?

Answer 15

Round ligament of the uterus

Question 16

Which structure passes though the inguinal canal in both genders?

Answer 16

Ilioinguinal nerve

Question 17

What are the borders of the inguinal canal?

Answer 17

Floor - Inguinal ligament

Roof - Internal oblique

Anterior - External oblique aponeurosis

Posterior - Transversalis fascia

Question 18

What forms the conjoint tendon?

Where is it located?

What is its function?

Answer 18

Aponeurosis of internal oblique and transversus abdominis

Behind the superficial inguinal ring

Prevents hernia formation

Question 19

Which structure helps to guide gonadal descent?

Answer 19

Gubernaculum

Question 20

The inguinal canal develops from which embryological structure?

Answer 20

Processus vaginalis

Question 21

The round ligament of the uterus is a remnant of what?

Answer 21

Gubernaculum

Question 22

A direct inguinal hernia presses directly onto what?

Answer 22

Superficial inguinal ring

Question 23

A direct inguinal hernia can be caused by weakness in which 2 structures?

Answer 23

Conjoint tendon
Transversalis fascia

Question 24

What are the borders of Hesselbach’s triangle?

Answer 24

Rectus abdominis
Inguinal ligament
Inferior epigastric artery

Question 25

Which type of inguinal hernia occurs in Hesselbach's triangle?

Answer 25

Direct inguinal hernia

Question 26

Does an indirect hernia occur medial or lateral to the inferior epigastric artery?

Answer 26

Indirect inguinal hernias occur lateral to the inferior epigastric artery (outside Hesselbach's triangle)

Question 27

What are the 2 areas on the posterior abdominal wall where hernias can occur?

Answer 27

Superior lumbar triangle Inferior lumbar triangle (Petit's triangle)

Question 28

What are the borders of the inferior lumbar triangle?

Answer 28

Iliac crest Latissimus dorsi External oblique

Question 29

What are the border of the superior lumbar triangle?

Answer 29

Rib 12 Quadratus lumborum Internal oblique