inheritance Flashcards
what is homozygous
genes that only have one type of allele
what is hetrozygous
genes the have two types of alleles
what happens in meiosis
first the amount of chromosomes are copied. The cell then divides into 2 and divides again to form gametes
what happens in the first stage of protien synthesis
the first stage is called transcription. It takes place in the nucleus. First a copy of the base sequence of the gene is copied into a complemntary template molecule called mRNA which then is transferred out of the nucleus
what happens in the second stage of protein synthesis
the second stage is called translation. first a ribosome attaches to the mRNA and then amino acids are brought to the ribosome on tRNA or transfer RNA. The ribosome then reads the triplets of bases and binds them to their complementary amino acid. Once the chain is completed the protein then folds into its specific shape which enables it to carry out its function
what is a mutation
when there is a change to a base in DNA
what is an allele
a version of a gene
what is a genotype
a genotype is a collection of alleles that determine an organisms genetical characteristics
what is a phenotype
an individuals observable traits
what is a carrier
when an individual has one dominant and one recessive gene so will therefore not have the condition however will still have the gene for that condition
how can you tell if a gene is recessive in a family tree
if both parents are carriers and the offspring has the condition
what are the sex chromosomes in a male
XY
