Inheritance

Question 1

What is the diploid number?

Answer 1

The number of chromosomes in a body cell.

Question 2

What is the haploid number?

Answer 2

The number of chromosomes in a gamete.

Question 3

What is a nucleotide?

Answer 3

The monomer for DNA. It is a compound made from a phosphate group, a sugar, and a base.

Question 4

What is a gene?

Answer 4

A length of DNA that holds the code for one characteristic.

Question 5

What type of sugar is in DNA monomers?

Answer 5

A pentose sugar.

Question 6

What are the 4 bases, and how do they pair together?

Answer 6

• T and A
• G and C

Question 7

How many bases code for one amino acid.

Answer 7

3
A triplet.

Question 8

What did Mendel discover?

Answer 8

• That characteristics where passed down from parents to offspring
• Some of the characteristics could be recessive

Question 9

What is a genotype?

Answer 9

The full set of genes that an organism has.

Question 10

What is a phenotype?

Answer 10

The observable characteristics of an organism.

Question 11

What is an allele?

Answer 11

Different versions of the same gene.

Question 12

What does homozygous mean?

Answer 12

Organisms that have homologous chromosomes which have the same allele.

Question 13

What does heterazygous mean?

Answer 13

Organisms that have homologous chromosomes which have different alleles.

Question 14

What is a dominant allele?

Answer 14

Only one copy is needed for the allele to be expressed.

Question 15

What is a recessive allele?

Answer 15

An allele that is only expressed if there is no dominant allele.

Question 16

What is cystic fibrosis?

Answer 16

• Genetic disorder
• Affects cell membranes
• Causes unusually thick mucus to be produced

Question 17

How are people affected by cystic fibrosis?

Answer 17

• Low energy levels (slow diffusion of oxygen into blood - reduces respiration)
• Difficulty gaining weight (blocked pancreas duct - enzymes don’t reach the small intestine)

Question 18

Is cystic fibrosis caused by a recessive or dominant allele?

Answer 18

A recessive allele.

Question 19

What is polydactyly?

Answer 19

• Genetic disorder
• Causes more than 5 fingers/toes to grow

Question 20

Is polydactyly caused by a recessive or dominant allele?

Answer 20

A dominant allele.

Question 21

What is the order of classification?

Answer 21

Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Question 22

Where does the binomial Latin name for species come from?

Answer 22

Genus then species

Question 23

What was Lamarck’s theory?

Answer 23

Inheritance of acquired characteristics.

Question 24

When do two groups of organisms become distinct species?

Answer 24

when they can no linger reproduce to produce fertile offspring.

Question 25

What are the 3 ways that fossils are formed?

Answer 25

**1. Bones are** fossilised (they mineralise and turn to rock within sedimentary rocks) **2. Impressions** **3. Preservation** (in conditions where the organism can not decompose)

Question 26

How are genes cut form DNA and put into plasmids?

Answer 26

Using enzymes.

Question 27

What is tissue culture?

Answer 27

Cloning plants by taking cells and growing them in agar jelly.

Question 28

What are the two method of animal cloneing?

Answer 28

- Embryo transplants - Adult cell cloning

Question 29

How does embryo transplants work?

Answer 29

- Embryo produced using sperm and egg - Cells from embryo are separated - Multiple identical embryos are produced - These are implanted into surrogate mothers

Question 30

How does adult cell cloning work?

Answer 30

- Donor nucleus is fused using a **electric shock** with an **empty** egg cell (nucleus removed) - This then forms an embryo - Embryo is implanted into surrogate mother

Question 31

What is the difference between embryo transplants and adult cell cloning?

Answer 31

- Embryo transplants create identical offspring that are different from the parents - Adult cell cloning creates a clone of the parent