inheritance Flashcards
(23 cards)
Inherited
Inheritance is the way that genetic information is passed from a parent to a child.
Genetic trait
Genetic traits are features or characteristics that are passed on to you from your parents.
Simple inheritance
when certain traits are passed from the parents to the children. Traits are characteristics such as eye color, height, and athletic ability.
Chromosome
Chromosomes are tiny structures inside cells made from DNA and protein.
DNA
DNA is the material that carries all the information about how a living thing will look and function.
Mendel
Gregor Mendel is considered the father of the science of genetics. He was an Austrian monk and biologist who experimented with plants and discovered the rules that govern heredity.
Ovum
An ovum (egg) is the name for the haploid female reproductive cell, or gamete. Both animals and land plants (embryophytes) produce ova.
Sperm
the liquid that can get anyone or any animal pregnant. Helps produce child.
Fertilisation
Fertilization is the process in which a male’s sperm enters a female’s ovum (or “egg”) to form a zygote (fertilized cell that will grow into a new animal or plant)
Y Chromosome
one of two human sex chromosomes. Body cells of normal males have one Y chromosome, which is paired with an X chromosome.
X Chromosome
one of two human sex chromosomes. Body cells of normal females have two X chromosomes.
Variation
Differences between individuals of the same species
Gene
genes determine what traits are passed down from a mother and father to their child. Eye color, height, and hair color.
Allele
An allele is a form of a gene at a particular position (locus) on a chromosome.
Homozygous
a genotype in which the alleles are the same, such as YY or yy
Heterozygous
a genotype in which the alleles are different, such as Yy
Dominant
a version of a gene that is expressed even when only one copy is present; represented by an uppercase letter.
Recessive
a version of a gene that is only expressed when two copies are present; represented by a lowercase letter.
Phenotype
the set of observable traits in an organism
genotype
the set of genes carried by an organism that influence the appearance of its traits.
Punnett Square
A Punnett square is a model that represents a cross, or breeding event, between two organisms.
Co-dominant
co-dominance occurs when the two alleles for a gene are both expressed in heterozygote individual.
incomplete dominance
when a dominant allele doesn’t completely mask the effects of a recessive allele.
