Inheritance

Question 1

Definition of gene

Answer 1

Sequence of DNA that occupies a specific locus on a chromosome and codes for a polypeptide

Question 2

Definition of allele

Answer 2

A varied nucleotide sequence for a particular gene

Question 3

What is monohybrid inheritance?

Answer 3

Inheritance of a single gene

Question 4

Test cross

Answer 4

Individual has phenotype of dominant characteristic but genotype is unknown
Crossed with an individual that is homozygous recessive

Question 5

What is co dominance

Answer 5

Both alleles are expressed individually

Blood groups

Question 6

Incomplete dominance

Answer 6

Phenotype is a intermediate between two parent phenotypes

Question 7

What is independent assortment?

Answer 7

Maternal and paternal chromosomes mix with each other in any combination at metaphase 1 of meiosis

Question 8

What is dihybrid inheritance?

Answer 8

Simultaneous inheritance of two unlinked genes

Question 9

What is the null hypothesis for the chi test?

Answer 9

There is no difference between the observed and expected results
Any deviation is due to chance

Question 10

What is a hermaphrodite?

Answer 10

Flowers make both pollen and ovules

Question 11

Monoecious plants

Answer 11

Separate male and female flowers on the same plant

Question 12

Dioecious plants

Answer 12

Separate male and female individuals

Question 13

Factors controlling whether an individual is male or female

Answer 13

• Temperature
• Sequential hermaphroditism
• can become hermaphrodite and fertilise itself
• hierarchy
• ploidy level
• chromosome structure

Question 14

Definition of mutation

Answer 14

A change in quantity or structure of the DNA of an organism

Question 15

When is the cell cycle do mutations occur?

Answer 15

DNA replication in s phase

Question 16

What increases the rate of mutations?

Answer 16

• ionising radiation

- mutagenic chemicals

Question 17

4 ways mutations occur

Answer 17

• gene or point mutation
• chromosome mutation
• anueploidy
• polyploidy

Question 18

What is a gene point mutation?

Answer 18

DNA polymerase changes the base sequence

Question 19

How can gene point mutations occur?

Answer 19

• addition
• duplication
• subtraction
• substitution

Question 20

What is non disjunction

Answer 20

Faulty spindle can result in chromosomes not being shared equally between daughter cells. One receives 2 copies of a chromosome while the other receives none.

Question 21

What is polyploidy?

Answer 21

Have more than 2 complete sets of chromosomes

Question 22

How does polyploidy arise?

Answer 22

• chromosomes move to same pole
• 2 diploid gametes fuse
• endomitosis- replication of chromosomes not followed by cytokinesis

Question 23

Why is polyploidy more common in plants?

Answer 23

• reproduce asexually

- hermaphrodite

Question 24

What is epigenetics?

Answer 24

Changes to gene expression but not the DNA nucleotide sequence