Inheritance and Mendelian Genetics

Question 1

Offspring resembel their _____ more than they do unrelated individuals.

Answer 1

Parents

Question 2

TRUE or FALSE… genes are inherited

Answer 2

TRUE

Question 3

What process do somatic cells undergo?

Answer 3

Mitosis

Question 4

What process do gametes undergo?

Answer 4

Meiosis

Question 5

How is variation demonstrated?

Answer 5

By the difference in appearance that offspring show from parents and siblings

Question 6

What are the 3 mechanisms that contribute to genetic variation?

Answer 6

1. Independent assortment of chromosomes
2. Crossing over
3. Random fertilization

Question 7

What were the advantages of Gregor Mendel using pea plants for his research? 4

Answer 7

1. Short generation time
2. Large #s offspring
3. Controlled mating
4. Many varieties

Question 8

What is character?

Answer 8

Heritable feature that varies among individuals

Question 9

What is a trait?

Answer 9

Each variant for a character

Question 10

What is true breeding?

Answer 10

Plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate

Question 11

What is meany by hybridization?

Answer 11

Mating of two contrasting varieties

Question 12

What is a P generation?

Answer 12

Parents (true breeding)

Question 13

What is the F1 generation?

Answer 13

Hybrind offspring of P generation

Question 14

What is the F2 generation?

Answer 14

Offspring of F1 generation

Question 15

What is Mendel’s first concept of genes?

Answer 15

Alternative (2) versions of genes account for variations in inherited characters

Question 16

What is an allele?

Answer 16

Alternative versions of a gene

Question 17

What is a locus?

Answer 17

Location on a chromosome

Question 18

What is Mendel’s second concept of genes?

Answer 18

For each character, organism inherits two alleles, one form each parent

Question 19

What is Mendel’s third concept of genes?

Answer 19

If two alleles at a locus differ, then one (dominate allele) determines the organism’s appearance, and the other (recessive allele) has no noticeable effect on appearance

Question 20

What is Mendel’s fourth concept of genes?

Answer 20

Law of segregation- The two alleles for a heritable character separate (segregate) during gamete formation and end up in different gametes

Question 21

What is Mendel’s First Law of Inheritance?

Answer 21

Law of Segregation

Question 22

What do capital letters represent? What do lowercase letters represent?

Answer 22

F dominate allele

f recessive allele

Question 23

What is homozygote?

Answer 23

Identical alleles

Question 24

What is heterozygote?

Answer 24

Different alleles

Question 25

How can you show possible combinations of alleles?

Answer 25

Punnett square

Question 26

What is a phenotype?

Answer 26

Physical appearance

Question 27

What is a genotype?

Answer 27

Genetic makeup

Question 28

What is a monohybrid?

Answer 28

Heterozygous for one character; monohybrid cross

Question 29

What is dihybrid?

Answer 29

Heterozygous for two characters; dihybrid cross

Question 30

What is the Law of Independent Assortment?

Answer 30

Each pair of alleles segregate independently of any other pair of alleles during gamete formation

Question 31

What are the two Laws of Inheritance?

Answer 31

Law of Segregation | Law of Independent Assortment

Question 32

The Law of Independent Assortment only applies to what?

Answer 32

Genes on different, nonhomologous chromsomes or those far apart on the same chromosome

Question 33

What is the multiplication rule?

Answer 33

Probability that two or more independent events will occur together is the product of their individual probabilities

Question 34

What is the addition rule?

Answer 34

Probability that any one of the >2 mutually exclusive events will occur is calculated by adding together their individual probabilities

Question 35

True of False... many characters are determined by only one gene with two alleles.

Answer 35

FALSE

Question 36

What is complete dominance?

Answer 36

Phenotype of heterozygote and dominate homozygote identical

Question 37

What is incomplete dominance?

Answer 37

Phenotype of hybrids somewhere between phenotype of parents

Question 38

What is codominance?

Answer 38

Two dominate alleles affect phenotype in separate, distinguished ways