Inheritance, Variation and Evolution Flashcards
Reproduction, variation and evolution, development and understanding of genetics and evolution, classification of living organisms (31 cards)
What are the two kinds of reproduction?
Sexual and asexual
What organisms usually use asexual reproduction?
Bacteria
What organisms usually use sexual reproduction?
Animals
Can plants use both sexual and asexual reproduction?
yes
What is sexual reproduction in simple terms?
The fusion of male and female gametes - Fertilisation.
Does sexual reproduction need one or two parents? What does this cause?
Two parents. This causes the offspring to be genetically different.
What are the gametes in animals and plants?
Egg, sperm, pollen
What is important about gametes?
They only have half the genetic material of a usual cell
How many chromosomes does a human cell have?
46
How many chromosomes does a gamete have?
23
How many parents are involved in asexual reproduction?
One
Why are offspring of asexual reproduction identical to their parent cell (give two details)?
They have no gametes therefore there is no mixing of genetic material.
How is asexual reproduction achieved?
Mitosis
How is sexual reproduction achieved?
Meiosis
What is another name for gametes?
Haploid cells
Where are chromosomes found?
In the nucleus of a cell
What do chromosomes store?
Genetic information
What is the first step of meiosis?
Replicating DNA
What is step two of meiosis?
The DNA centres in the cell aligning with it’s partner cell.
What is step three of meiosis?
Chromosome pairs are pulled apart and the cell splits in two.
What does this do to the chromosomes?
randomly distributes them
What happens after the splitting of the first cell in meiosis?
the second division
Describe the second division
The chromosomes separate to different sides of the cell again before the cell splits.
What happens after the second division?
The cells half again, forming four different daughter cells.
