Inherited Diseases Dogs

Question 1

From what age should gonioscopy be done?

Answer 1

12months

Question 2

Microphthalmos in soft wheaten terriers is unusual in its inheritance?

Answer 2

Needs both mother and offspring to have the mutation

Question 3

What is included in multiple ocular defects?

Which breeds?

Answer 3

Microphthalmos
Cataract
Retinal dysplasia
Nystagmus 
Persistent pupillary membranes

*Cocker spaniels*
Cavalier King Charles spaniel 
Westies 
Golden retrievers
Border terriers

Question 4

Where do persistent pupillary membranes arise from?

Breeds?

Answer 4

Iris collarette

Basenjis
Lancashire heelers
Cocker spaniels and pugs

Question 5

Where are congenital cataracts positioned?

Progress?

Breed (1)

Answer 5

Nuclear +/- cortical

Rarely progress

Miniature schnauzer

Question 6

Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous

Breed?

Answer 6

Dobermans

Staffies

Question 7

What is happening in this Doberman’s eye?

Answer 7

Persistent hyperplastic tunica vasculosa lentis/ persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous

Question 8

Which breeds do you see collie eye anomaly in?

What age is best to see this?

What is the pathognomonic sign?

What other sign is seen in ~1/3 dogs?

In merles this is harder to see, what should you look for?

Answer 8

Rough and smooth collies
Shetland sheepdog
Border collie
Lancashire heeler

6weeks

Choroidal hypoplasia lateral to the optic disc

Coloboma (optic disc/ peripapillary region)
Retinal detachments and intraocular haemorrhage less common

Odd direction of blood vessels

Question 9

What is happening at the arrow?

Disease?

Answer 9

Choroidal hypoplasia

Collie eye anomaly

Question 10

What is happening at the arrow?
And to the RHS of it?
Disease?

Answer 10

Coloboma

Choroidal hypoplasia

Collie eye anomaly

Question 11

Is retinal dysplasia congenital or acquired?

Which form is more common;

• Multifocal retinal dysplasia
• total retinal dysplasia

What age can this be detected?

Affect on vision?

Breeds?

Answer 11

Congenital

Multifocal retinal dysplasia

6weeks

MRD- Minimal but if retinal detachment can go blind
TRD- Blind

MRD
English springer spaniel
Cavalier King Charles spaniel 
Rottweiler 
American cocker spaniel
Golden retriever 
Lab

TRD
Sealyham
Bedlington terrier

Samoyed + Lab (seen in USA with short limbed dwarfism)

Question 12

What condition?

Answer 12

Multifocal retinal dysplasia

Question 13

What condition?

Answer 13

Multifocal retinal dysplasia

Question 14

Optic nerve hypoplasia

Breed?

Appearance?

Vision?

Uni/ bilateral?

Answer 14

Miniature and toy poodles

Optic disc small and dark, normal BVs and retina

Blind

Unilateral

Question 15

What is the difference with micropapilla and optic nerve head hypoplasia?

Answer 15

ONH no vision, micropapilla vision present

Question 16

Which breed is more common for primary angle glaucoma?

Test?

Answer 16

Petit basset griffon vendeen
(Also regular basset and shar Pei)

DNA
Angle normal until late in disease so screening not worth it

Question 17

When should you test for pectinate ligament abnormality?

How often?

What % of the PLA needs to be affected for an ‘AFFECTED’ dog?

Answer 17

From 6months

Every 3 years

> 75%

Question 18

Breeds for entropion?

Answer 18

Shar Pei
Chow chow
Lab
Spaniels

Question 19

Ectropion breeds?

Answer 19

Basset hounds
Cocker spaniels
Bloodhounds

Question 20

Diamond eye breeds?

Answer 20

Saint Bernard
Neopolitan and other mastiffs
Clumber spaniel

Question 21

Distichiasis breeds?

Answer 21

Cocker spaniels
Staffy
English bulldogs
Miniature long haired dachshunds

Question 22

Most common breed for ectopic cilia?

Answer 22

Flat coat retriever

Question 23

Breeds for corneal lipidosis?

Answer 23

Cavalier King Charles spaniel 
Siberian huskies
Shetland sheepdogs
Rough collies
Golden retrievers

Question 24

Macular corneal dystrophy

Breed?

Uni/ bilateral?

Age?

Ulcerations?

Vision?

Answer 24

Lab

Bilateral

Young to middle age

White fluffy deposits in the anterior stroma then corneal oedema and vascularisation

No

Impaired

Question 25

When do inherited cataracts show? Which breed shows a dominant inheritance of cataract?

Answer 25

Congenital or later on in life Australian shepherd dog

Question 26

Which breeds get primary lens luxation? What gene mutation?

Answer 26

``` Jack Russell Sealyham Lancashire Heeler Miniature bull terrier Fox terriers Border collie ``` ADAMTS17

Question 27

What is the difference between vision in PRA and retinal pigment epithelial dystrophy?

Answer 27

Retinal pigment epithelial dystrophy doesn’t always lead to vision loss

Question 28

What causes general PRA? What happens? Breeds?

Answer 28

Either photoreceptor dysplasia or photoreceptor degeneration Degeneration of the Retina and secondary cataract formation Toy and miniature poodle English cocker spaniel Lab

Question 29

How many mutations have been discovered for gPRA in golden retrievers?

Answer 29

3

Question 30

How is vision affected in gPRA?

Answer 30

Poor night vision then loss of day vision

Question 31

What is seen ophthalmoscopically with gPRA?

Answer 31

``` Tapetal hyper reflectivity Blood vessel attenuation Patchy pigmentation of the non tapetal fundus Optic atrophy Total retinal degeneration ```

Question 32

Retinal pigment epithelial dystrophy/ centra PRA What causes this? Breed? Age? Vision? Ophthalmoscopic signs?

Answer 32

Low vitamin E Cocker spaniels Young adults Variable, sometimes affects central vision so see moving objects peripherally but bump in to table leg Light brown lipopigment foci in tapetal fundus which enlarge and coalesce with irregular hyper reflective patches in between Vascular attenuation Optic atrophy

Question 33

Canine Multifocal retinopathy Breed? Age?

Answer 33

Great Pyrenees Coton du tulear Mastiff Few months NOT SEEN IN THE UK

Question 34

Which breed do you see congenital stationary night blindness/ cone degeneration in? Vision? Ophthalmoscopic changes?

Answer 34

Briard Congenital Night blindness, day vision variable Normal until 2-3y Subtle tapetal hyper reflectivity Grey focal opacities within the tapetum

Question 35

Which breed is cone degeneration seen in? Signs? Fundus

Answer 35

Alaskan malamute Total blindness in daylight, normal night vision No fundus changes