Inheritence Flashcards

1
Q

What is a monohybrid cross?

A

When 2 monohybrids have a child and pass on the dominant and recessive genes

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2
Q

What is a monohybrid?

A

An organism that has the genes for both variations of one trait (hetrozygous)

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3
Q

What are te 3 modes of inheritence?

A
  • Autosomal: Anything on chromosomes 1 - 22
  • Sex-linked: Anything on the X or Y chromosomes
  • X-linked: Anything on the X chromosome
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4
Q

What is a test cross?

A

Used to determine an unknown genotype of an organism with a dominant phenotype, by breeding with an organism with a known genotype.

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5
Q

What does multiple alleles mean?

A

When more than 2 alleles are involved in the inheritance of a trait

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6
Q

What is codominance?

A

When both alleles are dominant so both are represented in the phenotype. eg AB blood type

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7
Q

What is incomplete dominance?

A

When both alleles are dominant but neither is completely dominant over the other so the trait blends

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8
Q

What are polygenes?

A

When 2 or more genes contribute to the phenotype. A gene where alleles have a small additive effect on the phenotype. Distribution of these traits follow a bell curve.

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9
Q

What is continuous variation?

A

Polygenic inheritance with multiple alleles and multiple genes with no set groups. eg height, weight

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10
Q

What is discontinuous variation?

A

Single gene inheritance with multiple alleles. Set groups, no in-between. eg bloog groups

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11
Q

What is a karyotype?

A

Chart of all chromosomes in an individual

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12
Q

What are 2 important things about X-linked genes regarding inheritance?

A
  • X-linked recessive genes will always be expressed in males, a female can be a carrier and not express the trait
  • A make with an X-linked dominant trait will pass it on to all his daughters
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