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VT 230 Anesthesiology > Injectable Anesthetics > Flashcards

Injectable Anesthetics Flashcards

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1
Q

Common injectable anesthetics used in vet med?

A
  1. Propofol
  2. Dissociative Anesthetics
  3. Alfaxalone
  4. Etomidate
  5. Guaifenesin
  6. Barbiturates
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2
Q

Propofol is most commonly used?

A

As an injectable induction agent or as a sole anesthetic agent in short produces in small animals but mainly dogs

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3
Q

True/False: Propofol is only available in injectable form

A

True

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4
Q

True/False: Propofol is a controlled drug

A

False - Propofol is NOT a controlled drug

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5
Q

Propofol must be given?

A

IV

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6
Q

Propofol is what type of drug consistency

A

A macroemulsion containing egg lecithin, glycerin, and soy bean oil giving it a white milky appearance

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7
Q

True/False: Most injectable medication that have a color tint are suppose to be given SQ or IM not IV

A

True. Propofol is the only exception.

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8
Q

First generation propofol must be thrown out after how many hours?

A

6 hours

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9
Q

Propofol is safe to be used in?

A

Dogs & Cats

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10
Q

Propofol 28 must be discarded after?

A

28 days

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11
Q

Propofol is highly?

A

lipophilic - Highly protein bound allowing the free molecules to penetrate the blood brain barrier

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12
Q

Hypoproteinemia

A

very low protein levels in the blood which allows more free molecules to penetrate the blood brain barrier making propofol anesthetic affects more pronounced

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13
Q

Propofol must be given?

A

IV slowly over 50 seconds

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14
Q

What is common upon propofol administration?

A

Muscle Tremors

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15
Q

Is propofol considered a heart safe drug?

A

No it causes decreased heart rate so it’s not recommended in cardiac disease patience

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16
Q

Propofol effects?

A

CNS depression
Respiratory depression
Cardiovascular depression
-Decreased heart rate
-Decreased blood pressure
Moderate muscle relaxation
Poor Analgesia
Transient excitation
-Paddling
-Muscle twitching
-Nystagmus
-Opisthotonos

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17
Q

Propofol benefits?

A

Gets metabolized very quickly allowing for repeated doses & CRI in seizure patients without concern for toxicity

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18
Q

Why does Propofol 28 have a longer self life?

A

it contains Benzoyl alcohol giving it a longer shelf life

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19
Q

What is the preferred induction agent for cesarean sections?

A

Propofol - it has the least chance of affecting the newborns respiratory system since it gets metabolized so quickly

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20
Q

What are the 2 common dissociative anesthetics used in vet med?

A
  1. Ketamine
  2. Tiletamine
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21
Q

What is a common induction agent for cats?

A

Ketamine

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22
Q

is ketamine safe for dogs?

A

Yes

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23
Q

Ketamine is considered a?

A

Dissociative anesthetic

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24
Q

Tiletamine is considered a?

A

Dissociative anesthetic

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25
Dissociative anesthetics induce?
Catalepsy / Cataleptic
26
Catalepsy / Cataleptic
When the animal does not respond to external stimuli & exhibits muscle rigidity
27
Dissociative anesthetics effects
Eye open Rigid Muscles Swallowing & Laryngeal reflex may persist May precipitate seizures No visceral analgesia Apneaustic respiration No cardiovascular system depression May increase salivary & respiratory secretions
28
Dissociative anesthetics should be used in combination with? & why?
Tranquilizers/Sedatives & Benzodiazepines &/or Alpha 2 Agonists. This allows for greater muscle relaxations.
29
Dissociative anesthetics are considered
A controlled substance
30
Dissociative anesthetics should be avoided
In use with animals with cranial trauma as it can increase cranial pressure
31
Dissociative anesthetics should be given slowly
False - You can give the entire dose with no concern since there is no cardiovascular depression
32
Will tissue irritation occur if dissociative anesthetics are given IM?
No - it does sting though
33
Dissociative anesthetics are metabolized by and excreted by?
Liver & kidney
34
What are the heart safe injectable anesthetics?
1. Alfaxalone 2. Etomidate
35
Alfaxalone get metabolized?
Quickly. Very short half life
36
Alfaxalone produces
Produces a rapid short lasting anesthetic effect with minimal side effects
37
True/False: Alfaxalone has less of a negative effect on the cardiovascular system
True
38
Is Alfaxalone safe to use as a sedative?
Yes - I can be used as a sort sedative drugs due to his short term effects but should be given IM if using for sedation
39
What is the preferred injectable anesthetic for heart murmur patients?
Alfaxalone
40
Alfaxalone is labeled for?
IV but can be given IM
41
Alfaxalone must be thrown out after?
6 hours
42
Alfaxalone multidose shelf life?
28 days
43
Is Alfaxalone a controlled substance?
Yes
44
Alfaxalone should be given?
IV slowly over 50 seconds
45
Etomidate is a?
Ultra short acting induction agent
46
Etomidate is commonly used in?
Animals with cardiovascular disease
47
Etomidate has minimal effects on?
The cardiovascular system
48
What is the injectable anesthetic drug of choice for animals with moderate to severe heart disease?
Etomidate
49
Etomidate may cause?
Pain at injection site, nausea, & vomiting
50
Etomidate is to be given?
IV
51
Is Etomidate commonly used?
No it’s expensive
52
Guaifenesin is considered an?
Injectable anesthetics - Muscle Relaxant
53
Guaifenesin is commonly used in?
Large Animals * Horse the most common
54
Is Guaifenesin commonly used alone or in combination of other anesthetic agents?
Must be combined with other anesthetic agents for it to have any sedative or beneficial effect during an anesthetic procedure
55
Guaifenesin uses?
IV only *CRI is an option
56
True/False: Guaifenesin is commonly used in small animals
False - Large animals only. Mainly horses
57
What are the common barbiturates used in vet med?
Ultra Short Acting Barbiturates: 1. Thiopental 2. Thiamylal 3. Methohexital Other Barbiturates include: 1. Pentobarbital - Short Acting 2. Phenobarbital - Long Acting
58
What are the three common ultra short acting barbiturates used in vet med?
1. Thiopental 2. Thiamylal 3. Methohexital
59
What is the most common short acting barbiturate used?
Pentobarbital
60
What is the most common long acting barbiturate used?
Phenobarbital
61
Barbiturates help which part of the anesthetic process?
Help produce excellent inductions
62
Barbiturates effects include
1. Respiratory system depression 2. Cardiovascular system depression
63
Barbiturates have negative effects on?
1. Hypoproteinemic patients 2. Acidotic animals 3. Lean Animals 4. Tissue irritation

VT 230 Anesthesiology (14 decks)

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