Injury Models

Question 1

What does aetiology mean?

Answer 1

The cause

Question 2

What are the main models of injury cause and prevention which have progressed from 1990 to present?

Answer 2

1. [von Mechelen et al]
2. Finch
3. Meeuwise (1994)
4. Bahr and Krosshaug (2005)
5. Meeuwise (2007)
6. Windt and Gabbett

Question 3

What were the 4 steps of von Mechelen’s model of injury cause and prevention?

Answer 3

1. Establish the extent of the injury
2. Establish the aetiology and mechanism of the injury
3. Introduce a preventative measure
4. Assess effectiveness by repeating step 1

Question 4

How did Finch adapt van Mechelen’s model of injury prevention?

What was this called?

Answer 4

Translated research into injury prevention practice

Steps re context added to end:

5. Describe intervention context to inform implementation strategies
6. Evaluate effectiveness of preventative measures in implementation context

TRIPP - translating research into injury prevention pratice

Question 5

Why did Finch adapt Van Mechelen’s approach to understanding injury cause and prevention?

Answer 5

Adapted to ensure preventative measures identified can be adopted by sports national governing bodies and their athletes

Question 6

Which aspect of Mechelen’s model did Meeuwise (1994) develop and how?

Answer 6

Causation (2nd) stage

Considered balance between:
1. STRESS (imposed by external/extrinsic risk factors); and
2. CAPACITY (determined by a person’s internal factors)

If these are balanced - person remains uninjured

If inciting event occurs increasing external risk factors - injury may occur

Question 7

Give an example of acute and chronic inciting events

Answer 7

Tackle (acute)

Excessive training/mileage (chronic)

Question 8

Hoe did Bahr and Krosshaug (2005) develop the causation stage of Mechelen’s model?

Answer 8

Emphasised that injury is often caused by a complex interaction of risk factors, rather than a single factor

Question 9

Examples of internal risk factors (8) (as extended by Bahr and Krosshaug)?

Answer 9

1. Age
2. Sex
3. Body composition
4. Health
5. Physical fitness
6. Anatomy
7. Skill level
   8.Psychological factors

Question 10

Examples of external risk factors?

Answer 10

1. Sports factors
2. Protective equipment
3. Sports equipment
4. Environment

Question 11

How did Meeuwise further adapt Mechelen’s model in 2007

Answer 11

Model become DYNAMIC e.g.

1. No injury - strength adaptations may make individual less susceptible to inciting events
2. Following recovery - intrinsic risk factors may change, possibly making the individual more susceptible to injury

Question 12

How did Windt & Gabbett adapt Mechelen’s model?

Answer 12

Highlighted that workload was missing from the model

• not itself a risk factor but instead a vehicle by which individuals and exposed to risk factors and inciting events

Question 13

Who split internal risk factors into 2 categories and what were those categories?

Answer 13

Windt and Gabbett

1. Modifiable (e.g. strength)
2. Not modifiable (e.g. age)