Injury prevention and rehabilitation Flashcards
(23 cards)
What are the two types of injuries associated with physical activity?
acute
chronic
Explain an acute injury
occurs at a specific moment in time, when there is a sudden injury associated with a traumatic event, such as a fracture of a bone in a boxers’s jaw or knew ligament tear after a bad tackle in football.
Common causes of acute injures
collisions between two players
a fall from a horse
excessive impact from an object for example football
Explain a chronic injury
occur over a period of time, a chronic injury is a slowly developed injury associated with repeated or continuous stress or overuse such as pain in a tennis players elbow or a runners heels.
Common causes of chronic injuries
sudden increase in the intensity
frequency or duration of activity
reduction in recovery
inadequate warm up or cool down
Two types of tissue injuries
hard tissue injuries
soft tissue injuries
Explain hard tissue injuries
involve damage to the bone, joint or cartilage and include fractures and dislocations. Hard tissue injuries can result in internal bleeding, circulatory problems and joint instability and usually require hospital treatment
Explain soft tissue injuries
most common in sports that involve sprains and strains to the muscles, tendons or ligaments. Soft tissue injuries result in inflammation and bruising and require immediate attention to minimise recovery time
What are the signs and symptoms of acute injuries?
sudden pain swelling brusing lack of movement disfiguration
Define fracture
a partical or complete break in a bone due to an excessive force that overcomes he bone’s potential to flex
How does a fracture usually occur?
a direct force - collision or an object
an indirect force - falling or poor technique
What are the common indicators of a fracture?
pain at the fracture site inability to move or unnatural movement of the injured area deformity swelling dislocation
What is a compound fracture??
the fractured bones themselves break through the skin, creating an open wound with a high risk of infection
(open)
What is a simple fracture?
the fractures where the skin remains unbroken as the fracture causes little movement of the bone and therefore minimises the damage of the soft tissue surrounding it. (closed)
What is an incomplete fracture?
a partical crack in the bone that doesn’t completely separate the bone
What is a complete fracture?
a total break in the bone which separates the bone into one or more fragments.
What is a greenstick fracture?
a splitting partial break in the bone resulting from a bending action
What is a transverse, oblique or spiral fracture?
a crack perpendicular, diagonal or twisting respectively across the length of the bone
What is a comminuted fracture?
a crack producing multiple fragments of the bone and a long recovery process
What is an impacted fracture?
a break caused by the ends of a bone being compressed together
What is a avulsion fracture?
a bone fragment detected at the site of the connective tissue attachment
Define dislocation
the displacement of one bone from another out of their original position
Define subluxation
an incomplete or partial dislocation
