Injury prevention and rehabilitation of injury

Question 1

What is an acute injury?

Answer 1

A sudden injury associated with a traumatic event

Question 2

What is a chronic injury?

Answer 2

A slowly developed injury associated with overuse

Question 3

What is a hard tissue injury?

Answer 3

Involves damage to bones, joints or cartilage

Question 4

What is a soft tissue injury?

Answer 4

Involves damage to the skin, muscles, tendons or ligaments

Question 5

Name hard acute injuries

Answer 5

Fracture
Dislocation
Subluxation

Question 6

What is a fracture?

Answer 6

A partial or complete break in the bone
Swelling, deformity and pain

Question 7

What is a dislocation?

Answer 7

A displacement of one bone from another out of their position
Deformity and pain

Question 8

What is a subluxation?

Answer 8

An incomplete dislocation that causes damage to the ligaments

Question 9

Name soft acute injuries

Answer 9

Contusion & haematoma
Sprains
Blisters
Strains
Abrasion
Concussion

Question 10

What are contusions and haematomas?

Answer 10

Contusions: bruises are damage to blood vessels
Haematomas: internal bleeding (discolouration and pain)

Question 11

What are sprains?

Answer 11

An overstretch/tear in ligaments caused by a sudden twist (swelling)

Question 12

What are blisters?

Answer 12

Separation of layers of skin where a pocket of fluid forms caused by friction

Question 13

What are strains?

Answer 13

A tear/overstretch in muscles or tendons from overstretching a muscle

Question 14

What are abrasions?

Answer 14

A superficial damage to skin caused by scraping against a surface

Question 15

What is concussion?

Answer 15

Occurs after a trauma to the head. Can cause swelling and disruption in the electrical processes of the brain.
Dizziness, confusion and sickness

Question 16

Name hard chronic injuries

Answer 16

Stress fractures

Question 17

What is a stress fracture?

Answer 17

A tiny crack in the surface of a bone caused by over use

Question 18

Name soft chronic injuries

Answer 18

Shin splints
Tendinosis

Question 19

What are shin splints?

Answer 19

Chronic shin pain due to inflammation of muscles and stress on tendon attachment to the surface of the tibia

Question 20

What is tendinosis?

Answer 20

The deterioration of a tendon in response to chronic overuse and repetitive strain

Question 21

Name the extrinsic risk factors of injuries

Answer 21

Poor technique and training (repeatedly)
Incorrect equipment and clothing
Warm up and cool down effectiveness
Inappropriate intensity (acute), duration or frequency (chronic) of activity

Question 22

Name the intrinsic risk factors of injuries

Answer 22

Posture and alignment issues
Age
Poor preparation
Previous injuries
Nutrition
Inadequate fitness levels
Inappropriate flexibility levels

Question 23

What is a warm up used for?

Answer 23

To increase body temperature
To prepare the body physiologically and psychologically
To reduce the risk of injuries

Question 24

Describe a warm up

Answer 24

Lasts 20-45 mins
Intensity increase
Pulse raising, dynamic stretching, sport specific drills

Question 25

What is a cool down used for?

Answer 25

To maintain HR To aid the removal of lactic acid To aid the healing process

Question 26

Describe a cool down

Answer 26

Lasts for 20-30 minutes Intensity decrease Moderate intensity activity and stretching

Question 27

What is SALTAPS used for?

Answer 27

Too see whether a performer should continue after a potential injury

Question 28

Explain SALTAPS

Answer 28

Stop: stop game and observe injury Ask: ask questions to player Look: check for swelling, bruising, deformity or discolouration Touch: check for swelling, deformity, lumps, bumps or heat Active movement: ask for active movement of participant Passive movement: move injured body part Strength testing: ask player to stand and put pressure on area. Ask if they can continue

Question 29

What is PRICE?

Answer 29

A protocol for acute/soft tissue injuries

Question 30

Explain PRICE

Answer 30

Protect injury from further damage Rest injury for first 2-3 days. Reintroduce movements gradually Ice the painful area (15-20 mins every 2-3 hours) Compress injured area to limit swelling/movement Elevate injury by resting above head

Question 31

What is the 6 R's?

Answer 31

A protocol for the recognition of concussion

Question 32

Explain the 6 R's

Answer 32

Recognise: learn signs and symptoms to help identify a concussion Remove: remove player with suspected concussion from play Refer: athlete immediately referred to a qualified health care professional Rest: rest until symptom free Recover: fully recover until symptom free Return: only return when symptom free and cleared by a medic. Compete the graduate return to play protocol

Question 33

What is rehabilitation?

Answer 33

The process of restoring full function after an injury has occured

Question 34

What are the 3 stages of rehabilitation?

Answer 34

Early stage: gentle exercising encouraging damaged area to heal Mid stage: progressive loading of connective tissue and bones to develop strength Late stage: functional exercise and drills to ensure body is fully ready to return

Question 35

Name treatment methods

Answer 35

Non-steroid anti inflammatory drugs Physiotherapy Heat therapy Constant therapy Arthroscopy Massage Cold therapy/cryotherapy