Ink and Paper

Question 1

Bond size

Answer 1

17 x 22

Question 2

Offset size

Answer 2

25 x 38

Question 3

Cover size

Answer 3

20 x 26

Question 4

Newsprint

Answer 4

24 x 36

Question 5

What’s Pulping?

Answer 5

release fibres
removes glue that bonds fibres
cook the wood chips

Question 6

What’s Beating?

Answer 6

gets tumbled, creates roughness then threads are created from paper fibres

Question 7

What’s Refining?

Answer 7

extended heating

Question 8

What’s a Foudrinier wire?

Answer 8

It’s a convayer belt

Inventes in 1850

Question 9

What does a Calendering stack do?

Answer 9

paper wraps through and smooths out paper

Question 10

What are the paper making steps?

Answer 10

pulping, bleach, beating, refining, fondrinier wire, head box, dandy roll, dryer, calendering stacks, rell winder, sheeted or rolls.

Question 11

What differentiates paper grades?

Answer 11

fibres
pulping method
thickness
smoothness, surface finish
sizing + coating
cast coating
brightness
end use
cost, basic size

Question 12

What is C1s for? (cast coating)

Answer 12

Labels

Question 13

What is C2s for? (cast coating)

Answer 13

Magazines

Question 14

What is a Non-fibrous Substrate?

Answer 14

not made from plant fibres
plastic or metal
lack grain direction
unique properties and requirements
costly

Question 15

What are the 3 types of non-fibrous substrates?

Answer 15

1. Synthetic Paper
2. Films
3. Foils

Question 16

What are the advantage/ disadvantages of Synthetic Paper?

Answer 16

adv. - high resistance to moisture, tearing, creasing
security printing

cons - does not absorb ink, need ink that dries by oxidization
might melt
static electricity
recyclability

Question 17

What are the disadvantages of films?

Answer 17

use with flexo
adhesive labels

cons - surface tension problems
corona treatment
topcoating

Question 18

What are the advantage/ disadvantages of foils?

Answer 18

beverages, cosmetics

cons - most are silver, apply ink for colour
premium
ink sits on surface
can tarnish

Question 19

Whats haptic touch?

Answer 19

how we are affected by the sense of touch

Question 20

What is the largest portion of cost?

Answer 20

paper

Question 21

3 reasons why we do different test on paper

Answer 21

1. run ability
2. end use
3. printability

Question 22

what’s M weight?

Answer 22

weight in lbs of 1000 sheets

Question 23

What’s basis weight?

Answer 23

weight of 500 sheets

1 ream

Question 24

what’s grammage?

Answer 24

the weight in grams of a single sheet

area of 1m2 (1m x 1m)

Question 25

Why do we care about ink?

Answer 25

Ink transforms paper into print cost colour problems

Question 26

What are the 4 components of ink?

Answer 26

1. pigments 2. vehicle 3. dryers 4. additives

Question 27

What's a pigment?

Answer 27

finely ground solid particles which gives ink colour | organic and non-organic

Question 28

What's a vehicle?

Answer 28

the liquid portion of the ink which holds and carries the pigement binds pigment to substrate

Question 29

What's a dryer?

Answer 29

salts of cobalt or manganese (metal)

Question 30

What is the main difference between Paste inks and Graver inks?

Answer 30

the vehicle

Question 31

What's viscosity?

Answer 31

the resistance to flow

Question 32

What's tack?

Answer 32

stickiness or body

Question 33

what happens if the tack is too high?

Answer 33

picking (coated) | linting (uncoated)

Question 34

What happens if the tack is too low?

Answer 34

can add tack reducer | image might spread (spreading substrate)

Question 35

What's Thixotropy?

Answer 35

inks become stiff when left to stand for a period of time, but then become more fluid when worked

Question 36

What are the three way inks dry?

Answer 36

1. absorption 2. evaporation 3. oxiditive

Question 37

What's polymerization?

Answer 37

Chemical reaction whereby ink molecules cross-link to become a single dry solid ink film

Question 38

How does newspaper dry?

Answer 38

absorption

Question 39

Components of flexo ink

Answer 39

``` water based use spot colours low viscosity solvent based or UV cured fast drying ```

Question 40

What are the parts of a flexo inking system?

Answer 40

``` ink pan pan roller anilow roller doctor blade plate substrate ```

Question 41

How do you adjust the ink density of a flexo printer?

Answer 41

pick the closest anilox roller to get the target density | use proofer to determine which anilox roller to use

Question 42

What's the ideal time for flexo viscosity?

Answer 42

20-25 seconds | closer to 20 seconds is ideal

Question 43

What are the two types of ink jet printing?

Answer 43

continous (liquid ink) | drop on demand (UV ink)

Question 44

For ink jet printing, Colorant is usually a...?

Answer 44

dye

Question 45

Ink must be free of....?

Answer 45

particles and must not dry in the jet nozzle

Question 46

What are the 4 requirements of ink jet printing?

Answer 46

1. remain fluid 2. must dry 3. must work on a variety of substrates 4. must not be toxic

Question 47

How do ink jets dry?

Answer 47

evaporation UV curable hot melt - ink jets are solid at room temperature

Question 48

Properties of toners for xerography

Answer 48

``` pigment particles melt and fuse must be dry toners does not have all the colours, only CMYK quality is not as good particle size typically 5-30 microns (um) smaller particles = better quality ```

Question 49

how does xerography printer print?

Answer 49

dry toner particles stick onto the photoconductor with electrostatic forces then goes onto paper by being pulled with an even stronger positive charge under the paper called a corona.