Inlammatory Bowel Disorders Flashcards
(53 cards)
What is inflammatory bowel disease?
A structural problem with physical abnormalities in the GI tract. It is a chronic condition resulting from inappropriate mucosal immune activation.
What is it irritable bowel syndrome?
A functional GI problem with no structural abnormalities. It is characterised by abdominal pain and altered bowel habits
What gender is IBP more prevalent in and what age group?
- more prevalent in women
- high prevalence in youth and middle aged people
What are the pathogenesis (causes) of IBS?
1) stress
2) diet
3) abnormal GI motility
4) Visceral hypersensitivity
5) infection
6) overgrowth of intestinal flora
How is IBS diagnosed?
1) if the individual has experienced discomfort for 3 days per month for over 3 months
2) if there’s a change in stool frequency/form
3) if the individual has any food allergies/intolerances resulting in bacterial growth
How is IBS treated?
1-psychotherapy (antidepressants) 2-dietary fibre supplements 3-loperamide or laxatives 4-antibiotics 5-analgesics
What are the 2 most common IBD’s?
Ulcerative Collitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease
Where do Crohn’s disease and UC exist?
CD - any area in the GI tract
UC - Limited to the colon and rectum
What type of inflammation does CD cause?
Transmural inflammation
What type of inflammation does UC cause?
mucosal and submucosal inflammation
What type of lesions are caused by crohns and ulcerative?
CD- skip lesions
UC- continuous lesions
What are the symptoms of Crohn?
- pain
- diarrhoea
- weight loss
- anaemia
What are the symptoms of UC?
- bloody diarrhoea
- colicky
- abdominal pain
- urgency
- fever
Which of the 2, UC or CD, can lead to relapse in 50% of patients?
Ulcerative Colitis
What is a colectomy?
Removal of the colon
What are the pathogenesis of IBD?
1) genetic factors
2) mucosal immune responses
3) epithelial defects
4) microbiota
What is the role of TH1 cells?
- activate macrophages
- cause inflammation of the mucosa through release of TNF (tumour necrosis factors)
What is the role of TH17 cells?
-stimulated by IL-23 and activate neutrophils causing inflammation.
What is the role of TH2 cells?
-Secrete IL-13 found in the mucosa of ulcerative collitis patients.
What is used to support the theory that TH1 and TH17 cells play a role in UC?
The effectiveness of anti-TNF therapy on UC patients and the protective role that IL-23R polymorphisms have on UC patients.
What can happen if there are defects in the intestinal epithelial tight junction barrier?
Can activate innate and adaptive mucosal immunity and sensitize subjects to the disease
What polymorphism is associated with the intestinal epithelial tight junction barrier defect?
NOD2 polymorphism
What does a mutation of the organic cation transporter SLC22A4 in Crohn disease suggest?
That defects in transepithelial transport may be related to this mutation
What is the effect of the ATG16L1 polymorphism on Crohn disease patients?
it means they carry abnormal production of defensins (antibacterial peptides), which leads to defective ant-microbial function
