innante, adaptive, and external immunity Flashcards
(26 cards)
What do immune cells produce to recognize foreign cells or viruses?
Receptor molecules that bind to foreign molecules and activate defense responses
What is molecular recognition in immunity?
The detection of non-self molecules by immune receptor proteins.
What are the two types of immunity in animals?
Innate immunity and adaptive immunity.
Which type of immunity is unique to vertebrates?
Adaptive immunity.
How does innate immunity recognize pathogens?
Through traits shared by broad classes of pathogens using a small set of receptors
How fast is the innate immune response?
Rapid.
What are the barrier defenses of innate immunity?
Skin, mucous membranes, and secretions.
What are internal defenses in innate immunity?
Phagocytic cells, natural killer (NK) cells, antimicrobial proteins, and inflammatory response.
What kind of immune response is innate immunity?
A general, nonspecific response.
How does adaptive immunity recognize pathogens?
By detecting specific traits of particular pathogens using a vast array of receptors.
What is the humoral response in adaptive immunity?
Antibodies defend against pathogens in body fluids.
What is the cell-mediated response in adaptive immunity?
Cytotoxic T cells defend against infected cells within the body.
How is adaptive immunity enhanced?
By previous exposure to the pathogen (immunological memory).
Where do immune cells originate?
From stem cells in the bone marrow.
What do lymphoid stem cells produce?
B cells, T cells (helper and cytotoxic), and natural killer (NK) cells.
What do myeloid stem cells produce?
Red blood cells, platelets, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, and monocytes.
What do basophils do?
Involved in allergic and antigen responses; release histamine during inflammation.
What are eosinophils responsible for?
Combatting parasitic infections and involved in allergic reactions.
What do monocytes develop into?
Macrophages and dendritic cells.
What are neutrophils?
First responders that fight bacterial and fungal infections.
How does mucus help in innate immunity?
It traps pathogens and other particles.
What is the role of ciliated epithelial cells?
They sweep mucus and trapped particles out of the body.
How do secretions like saliva, tears, and mucus defend the body?
They wash away microbes and inhibit colonization.
How do lysozymes protect the body?
They destroy bacterial cell walls.
