Innate and Adaptive Immunity Flashcards
What is the difference between innate and adaptive immunity?
Innate:
- First line of defence
- Non-specific
- No change in response to repeated exposure
- Immediate
Adaptive:
- Specific
- Stronger response
- Delayed
- Immunological memory ***
Innate:
Give some examples of physical and chemical barriers?
What cells are involved in innate immunity? - 5
What else is activated during an innate immune response? - 2
physical barriers
- skin
- mucous membranes in respiratory and GI tract
chemical barriers - acidic pH in GI tract and on skin - enzymes (lysozyme) in tears and saliva ===== Phargocytic cell's - (e.g. Eosinophils, neutrophils, basophils) Dendrites + NK cells
Complement
Cytokines
Granulocytes:
Neutrophils - Most common
- What does it do?
Eosinophils and Basophils
- What type of pathogen does these both target?
- What else do they appear in?
Monocytes:
- What can they do?
- What do they do when they get to the tissue?
Macrophage:
- What is the precursor cell?
Macrophages and Dendrites:
- Phagocytosis
- Linked to adaptive immune response
Natural Killer Cells:
- What type of cell is this?
- What do they do? - 2
Phagocytosis
Defence against parasites
Allergic inflammatory reactions
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Phagocytosis
Migrates to tissue and differentiates ===== Monocytes ===== Lymphocyte
Kill infected cells and tumour cells
Definitions:
Antigen presenting cells (APC’s):
What are the 2 nation presenting cells?
Dendritic cell and Macrophages
Link to adaptive:
Dendritic cells - how do they link the innate and adaptive immune response?
Macrophages also present antigen on MHC II, helping to activate adaptive immune responses
What does a humeral response mean?
Critical in initiation of most adaptive immune response by presenting antigen to lymphocytes (T cells) - when they get to lymph nodes
Production of antibodies from B cells - ANTIGEN BINDING SITE
Adaptive:
What 2 cells make up the cell-mediated response?
What cell and what component of the blood is produced in a humeral response?
Cell mediated:
- CD4+
- CD8+ T lymphocytes
Humoral:
- B lymphocytes
- Antibodies/Ig
T lymphocytes:
What do they express?
What do they need to be able to recognise an antigen on their cell surface?
What are the 2 types of T cells and what MHC class do they go with?
What does T cell activation cause?
T cell receptor - variable region (antigen binding site)
MHC molecules (Major Histocompatibility Complex)
CD8+ T cells (cytotoxic) -MHC II
CD4+ T cells (helper) -MHC I
Division into ‘effector cells’
CD4 T cells:
What does activation of these cause? - 3 step
CD8 T cells:
- What do they do when activated?
B cells:
- What are the 2 stages of activation of B cells?
Multiply and form ‘daughter’ cells
Migrate to inflammation/infection
Produce cytokines that direct immune response
Cytokines help other cells carry out functions
- B cells to produce antibodies
- Macrophages to fight intracellular pathogens
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Kill infected cells
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B cell receptor recognises antigen and expresses it on surface (MHC I)
CD4 T helper cell leads to activation
B cell activated and produces antibodies
Tissues of immune system:
Bone marrow and thymus for maturation of progenitor cells.
Where does the adaptive immune response begin?
Lymph nodes
Spleen
Mucosal associated lymphoid tissue
Active vs Passive immunity:
Define both?
Give 2 examples for both
What sort of immune response is present in both? - 2
A:
- protection that is produced by an individual’s own immune system and is usually long-lasting
- acquired by natural disease or vaccination
Adaptive
Antibodies (B cells)
Cell-mediated responses (T cells)
P:
- protection provided by transfer of antibodies from immune individuals
- commonest example is cross-placental transfer of antibodies from mother to child
- also used therapeutically through transfusion of blood or blood products including immunoglobulin
- gives temporary protection, only few weeks or months
related to the half-life of antibodies
