Innate Immune System Flashcards
(25 cards)
What were beliefs in Thucydides 430BC?
Athens plague
Only recovered people nurse the sick
What were beliefs in 15th century?
China/Aztec
Inhaled crusts of small pox to provide protection
What were beliefs in Jenner 18thC?
Cowpox can provide immunity against small pox
Vaccination discovered
What were beliefs in Pastur 19th?
Attenuated rabies virus used as vaccine
Vaccine improved
How do we fight infection?
Stop pathogens entering
Flush it out, kill or control it
Remember it
How does the skin stop pathogens entering?
Dead skin and bacteria
Dry to prevent growth
Sebaceous gland
How are tight junctions a mechanical barrier?
Stop ingested antigens passing into the body
What are examples of PH physiological barriers?
Low ph in stomach
Normal commensal microbiota
What are examples of chemical physiological barriers?
Lysozyme in tears
Cytokines
Anti microbial peptides
How do you parasites by pass the image immune system?
Burrow straight through skin
Hook to avoid being flushed
What happens once a pathogen has broken through our innate barrier?
Inflammation
What are examples of phagocytes?
Macrophage
Neutrophils
Dendritic cells
What are examples of granulocytes?
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Mast cells
Basophils
What are the 4 signs of inflammation?
Heat
Redness
Swelling
Pain
What happens in systemic acute phase response?
Fever
Leukocytes production increase
What are the acute phase proteins produced by the liver?
C reactive protein
Type 1 interferons, IL6, CXCL8
What is the complement system?
Group of serum proteins in the blood that perform a critical defence against pathogens, especially extracellular bacteria
How many types of proteins are there in the the complement system?
Over 35
Where are most complement proteins made?
In the liver
What 7 groups are complement proteins be grouped into?
Imitators Enzymes Opsonins Anaphylatoxins Membrane attack proteins Complement receptors Regulatory proteins
How does the body sense infection?
Innate immune system detects molecules from pathogens
Using pattern recognition receptors
What are the two killing mechanisms after ingesting bacteria?
Oxygen dependent killing
Oxygen independent killing
Can parasites be phagocytosed?
No they’re too big
How does oxygen dependent killing work?
Oxidative bursts
Toxic oxidants are generated
Acts as antimicrobial
