Innate immunity: Inflammatory Cytokines Flashcards
(47 cards)
What are cytokines
Small = ~25kD
Heterogeneous glycoproteins= made up by diff components
Are cytokines soluble
Mostly soluble
Some have membrane bound forms
Describe cytokine production
Tightly regulated = post transcriptional and translational mods - polish cytokines before secreted
What do cytokines provide
Cellular communication
What do cytokines effect behaviour of
The producing cell = autocrine
Adjacent cells= paracrine, directional release
Distant cells = endocrine mechanism
Describe autocrine mechanism of cytokines
Cytokines secreted bind receptor on cell that produced it
Describe paracrine mechanism of cytokines
On nearby cell
Describe endocrine mechanism of cytokines
Goes into circulation
Binds receptors on distant cell
Why are cytokines produced
Due to inducing stimulus = triggered
What can cytokines have
Numerous biological functions
= activation, proliferation (produce multiple copies of each cell), differentiation (naive—>mature), survival or death of target cells
Describe ex of cytokine functions = adhesion molecules
Change expression of adhesion meolcuels on chemokine receptors on target membranes
Can lead to migration
Describe ex of cytokine functions = enzymes
Increase or decrease activity of particular enzymes = change transcriptional program (modulate its effector functions) = type 1 interferon
Describe ex of cytokine functions = activation
Active and differentiation of b and T cells
Describe ex of cytokine functions = cascade induction
Action of one cytokine on one target cell induces that cell to produce one or more additional cytokines
How many groups of cytokines
5 major groups
Name and describe all cytokines groups
Interleukins = il, 1-37
Interferons = ifn, alpha beta (type 1) and gamma (type 2)
Tumour necrosis factor = tnf, alpha and beta
Hematopeoitins or growth factors = gm-car, g-csf
Chemokines = for migration
Cytokines in bone marrow = make more of these cells
What is pleiotropism
One cytokine may be produced by many diff cell types and have effects on many diff cell types
One cytokine produces multiple effects
What is redundancy
Diff cytokines - more than one induces same effect
What is synergy
2 or more cytokines work together to induce an effect
What is antagonism
One cytokine can Inactivate effect of another
= inhibit effect of other
Describe complex network of cytokines
Same cytokine produced by multiple cells
Each cell type can produce multiple cytokines
Network of complex interactions
Specific cytokines are produced at diff times in diff locations
*once dendritic cells goes to lymph node = will produce diff cytokines than when at site of infection
What can cytokines do - response
Imprint adaptive response
Descrie cytokine profiles
Fate specifying cytokines for T cells
Cytokine secreted by dendritic cell = determines type of T cell it will differentiate into = all have diff roles
Cytokine secreted depends on subset T cel
Diff cytokines can induce differentiation of diff cell types
Diff cell types then produce diff cytokines too
What do cytokines impact
Impact differentiation of T cells (signal 3, fate specifying cytokines affect)
Then differentiated T cells produce diff cytokines
