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inner ear Flashcards

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1
Q

Another name for the inner ear

A

The labyrinth

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2
Q

What is the job of the labyrinth aka inner ear

A

Change the mechanical energy of the middle ear to bioelectric energy that can be interpreted by the brain

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3
Q

A maze of connecting pathways in the petrus portion of the temporal bone

A

Osseous/ bony labyrinth

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4
Q

Composed of soft tissue Organs of hearing and balance are located here

A

Membranous labyrinth

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5
Q

The central portion of the bony labrynth. The entrance to the inner ear

A

Vestibule

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6
Q

Connects the semicircular canals and the cochlea

A

Vestibule

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7
Q

The vestibule is filled with

A

Perilymph

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8
Q

The two windows in the vestibule are the

A

Oval Window and round window

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9
Q

Stapes footplate is imbedded in the

A

oval window

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10
Q

this window helps regulate pressure in the vestibule

A

Round window

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11
Q

What are the 2 sacs in the vestibule?

A

Utricle and Saccule

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12
Q

These have end organs for balance inside them

A

Utricle and saccule

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13
Q

The utricle and saccule are filled with ___ and surrounded by ____

A

endolymph; perilymph

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14
Q

What type of movement are the utricle and saccule responsible for?

A

Linear movement (forward back, left right, up down)

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15
Q

The semicircular canals arise from the

A

Utricle

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16
Q

The semicircular canals are filled with ____ and surrounded by ___

A

Endolymph; perilymph

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17
Q

The semicircular canals return to the utricle through the

A

ampullae

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18
Q

Ampullae contain ____ that respond to angular motion

A

Crista

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19
Q

Crista responds to what type of movement

A

Angular

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20
Q

What are the 3 semicircular canals called

A

anterior, lateral, posterior

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21
Q

The vestibular system gives us the ability to

A

maintain balance

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22
Q

What may happen if vestibular mechanism is damaged?

A

Vertigo and nystagmus

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23
Q

What are 4 ways the vestibular system could be damaged?

A

Infections, Head Trauma, Diseases, Fluid leak

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24
Q

What are the two tests that test if nystagmus is present?

A

Electronystagmography and Videonystagmography

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25
Streams of water or air pressure are injected into the EAC – this induces vertigo
Caloric test
26
More important than all of the vestibular testing is the
Case History
27
T/F Vestibular assessment and rehab are in an audiologist’s scope of practice.
True
28
Vestibular rehab includes
Habituation/ adaption exercises & Canalith repositioning exercises
29
Fluid filled space within the temporal bone
Cochlea
30
Cochlea extends from the ___ in a ____ direction
Vestibule ; medial
31
Suspended within the fluid filled space of the bony labyrinth
Membraneous labyrinth
32
What are the 3 fluid filled channels of the membranous labyrinth?
Scala vestibuli, scala tympani, and scala media
33
The uppermost of the 3 channels of the membranous labyrinth
Scala vestibuli
34
The scala vestibuli is filled with
perylimph
35
The lowermost of the 3 channels of the membranous labyrinth
Scala tympani
36
Scala tympani is filled with
Perylimph
37
The middle of the 3 channels of the membraneous labyrinth
Scala media
38
Scala media is filled with
endolymph
39
Where the Scala vestibuli and scala tympani meet at the apex
Helicotrema
40
Separates scala media from scala vestibuli
Reissner's membrane
41
The bottom of scala media
Basilar membrane
42
What is located on the basilar membrane
Organ of corti
43
Sits overtop of the organ of corti
Tectorial membrane
44
e Organ of Corti has 2 types of sensory cells …
Outer and inner hair cells
45
3 rows
outer hair cells
46
1 row
inner hair cells
47
Attached to the top of outer hair cells
Stereo cilia
48
stereo cilia are embedded into the
tectorial membrane
49
What separates the outer hair cells and the inner hair cells?
Corti's arch
50
How do inner hair cells move?
sheering, bending, or twisting which generates a potential
51
When hair cells bend one way the nerve is ____ when they move in the opposite direction the nerve is ____
Stimulated; inhibited
52
This creates a fluid motion in the cochlea
Vibration of the stapes in and out of the oval window
53
The membranous labyrinth will move, resulting in
stimulation of the sensory cells and generation of neural impulses
54
Fluid is set into a wavelike motion, this referred to as
traveling wave
55
frequencies closer to the base of the cochlea
higher frequencies
56
frequencies near the apex
lower frequencies
57
how is the cochlea arranged? meaning high frequencies at base and low at apex
tonotopically
58
What is the chemical composition of cochlear fluid?
potassium, sodium and chloride
59
How would you describe cochlear fluids?
clear, thin and watery
60
Fluid with high potassium and low sodium
endolymph
61
fluid with strong positive potential
endolymph
62
fluid with high sodium and low potassium
perilymph
63
fluid with weak positive potential
perilymph
64
provide an exchange of fluids, nutrients, and waste products within the inner ear
labyrinth fluids
65
once ____ move the ____ are stimulated, this changes the ______ of each neuron
Hair cells; auditory neurons; electrical potential
66
an all or nothing principal, once the threshold is reached then the neuron responds with maximum charge.
action potential
67
Theory that ear had little resonators that stimulated with sound. Did get right is the tonotopical arrangements. High frequencies at base, low frequencies at apex.
Hemholtz's resonance theory
68
Theory: for each in and outward movement of the stapes footplate there is a downward and upward movement of the basilar membrane produced by a disturbance of the endolymph
Traveling wave theory
69
Frequency specific – cochlea echoes back in same frequency region.
otoacoustic emmissions
70
Why would otoacoustic emmissions not come back?
damaged hair cells
71
Can use clinically; stimulus is presented and outer hair cells send it back and probe picks it up;
Evoked OAEs
72
Can't be used clinically because only present in 1/2 population. occur without eliciting signal
Spontaneous OAEs
73
What are the two types of OAEs?
Transient evoked OAEs and Distortion product OAEs
74
``` Used for those who: Difficult to test(disabilities) Newborn hearing screening Developmentally delayed Nonorganic HL (think they have HL or faking a HL) Auditory Neuropathy ```
OAEs
75
loss of sensitivity of sound, things sound softer
Hypacusis
76
Difficulty understanding speech
Dysacusis
77
genetic HL that occurs as you get older. This occurs earlier than prepcusis. 30s to 40s.
hereditodegenerative Hearing Loss
78
The 3 types of hereditary hearing loss are:
Autosomal Dominant Inheritace, Autosomal Recessive Inheritance and X linked
79
What are 3 syndromic prenatal disorders of the inner ear?
Trisomy, Alport Syndrome, Waardenburg syndrome
80
genetic syndrome that has sensory neural HL, irises are multicolored. White forelock/ patch or hair.
Waardenburg syndrome
81
Name 2 non syndromic prenatal disorders of the inner ear
Rh incompatibility | Cerebral palsy
82
took it for morning sickness. It was thought to be harmless but babies were then born with missing limbs and hearing loss
Thalidomide
83
Name 3 congenital disorders of the inner ear
Rubella, Zika and AIDS/HIV
84
Name 3 perinatal issues that can affect hearing
Anoxia, Premature birth, head trauma
85
Name 3 postnatal issues that can cause hearing loss
Meningitis, Viral infections, Labyrinthitis
86
It is a rupture because of sudden change in middle ear pressure.
Barotrauma
87
HL due to aging
presbycusis
88
causes HL. Damage to cochlea. IE chemo, radiation
cochleotoxic
89
Causes vertigo, damage to semicircular canals and organs, gensomycin, streptomycin.
Vestibulotoxic

Audiology (11 decks)

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