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Immunology-Serology > Innnate Immunity > Flashcards

Innnate Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

Basophils

Distribution:
Characteristics:
Function:
Released Contents:

A

Basophils

Distribution: 0-1%
Characteristics: deep bluish purple granules
Function: Allergic reactions - Type I Hypersensitivity
Released Contents: Histamine, Heparin, Eosinophilic-chemotactic factor A

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2
Q

Major inflammatory mediator

A

Histamine

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3
Q

It resembles basophils but are originated in tissues

A

Mast cells

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4
Q

Greatly involved in Hypersensitivity reactions

A

Basophils & Mast Cells

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5
Q

Enzyme contents of Mast cells that differs from basophils

A

ACP
ALP
Protease

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6
Q

Eosinophils

Distribution:
Characteristics:
Function:
Specific Granules:

A

Eosinophils

Distribution: 1-3%
Characteristics: Bilobed w/ Red orange granules
Function: Parasitic infection
Granules: MBP, Eosinophilic cationic protein, Eosinophil peroxidase, Eosinophil derived neurotoxin

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7
Q

Eosinophil is notably increased in __________ infection

A

T. spiralis

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8
Q

Eosinophil primary granules contains; __________, and _______________.

A

ACP

Arylsulfatase

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9
Q

Most active content of eosiniphilic granules

A

MBP

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10
Q

Neutrophils

Distribution:
Characteristics:
Function:
Granules:

A

Neutrophils

Distribution: 57-65%
Characteristics: Polymorphonuclear (3-5 lobes)
Function: Phagocytosis
Granules: MPO, Lysozyme, lactoferrin, Collagenase, Gelatinase, Plasminogen activator

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11
Q

First cell to migrate in the site of infection

A

Neutrophils

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12
Q

Time of migration of Neutrophils

A

2-3 hrs

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13
Q

50%: Marginating Pool - ___________

50%: Circulating Pool - ___________

A

Marginating pool: Neutrophils that are found in the endothelial cells of the blood vessels

Circulating Pool: Neutrophils in the circulation

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14
Q

Movement of WBCs from the blood, through blood vessels into the tissue

A

Diapedesis

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15
Q

Monocyte

Distribution:
Characteristics:
Function:
Granules:

A

Monocyte

Distribution: 5-8%
Characteristics: Largest, hose-shoe shaped nucleus with ground glass cytoplasm
Function: Phagocytosis, Scavenger cells
Granules: Peroxidase, Arysulfatase, B-glucoronidase, Lysozyme, Lipase

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16
Q

Precursor cell of macrophage

A

Monocyte

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17
Q

End cell of Monocyte

A

Macrophage

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18
Q

Tissue monocytes

A

Macrophages

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19
Q

True/False. Macrophages do not contain peroxidase

A

True

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20
Q

Macrophages according to Location

Liver:
Kidney:
CT, BM:
Lungs:
Spleen:
A

Macrophages according to Location

Liver: Kuppfer
Kidney: Mesangial
CT, BM: Histiocytes
Lungs: Alveolar macrophage
Spleen: Splenic macrophage
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21
Q

Macrophage killing activity is triggered by:

A

Contact with antigen

Cytokines

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22
Q

Most potent antigen presenting cells

A

Dendritic cells

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23
Q

APCs

A

Dendritic Cells
B cells
Macrophage

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24
Q

Dendritic cells according to location

Skin:
Heart, Lungs, Kidneys:
Secondary lymphoid tissues, Thymus:

A

Dendritic cells according to location

Skin: Langerhans cells
Heart, Lungs, Kidneys: Interstitial dendritic cells
Secondary lymphoid tissues, Thymus: Interdigitating dendritic cells

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25
They present antigens to CD4/CD8 positive cells through MHC/HLA
APCs
26
Third population lymphocytes (cells that originate in the lymphoid series but active in the innate immunity)
NK cells
27
Other names of NK cells
Antibody Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity - IgG Kiss of death Null Cells Granular Lymphocytes
28
Receptors of NK Cells
KAR - Killing activated Receptor | KIR - Killing Inhibiting Receptor
29
Activates KAR
MICA | MICB
30
MGC class that activates KIR
MHC Class 1
31
Main function of NK cells
``` Cytotoxic activity (tumors, viral) Perforation ```
32
Mechanism: KAR
Kills the cell if MICA and MICB are present (stressed cell/virally infected cell) or no expression of MHC class I molecules.
33
Mechanism: KIR
If MHC class I molecules are recognized, inhibition overweighs activation.
34
Soluble proteins or polypeptide products of activated cells that regulates both innate and adaptive immunity and control cellular response
Cytokines
35
Effects of Cytokines
``` Proliferation/Development of immune cells Hematopoietic Microenvironment (maturation and development) ```
36
Characteristics of Cytokines
Pleiotropy Redundancy Synergy
37
Cytokines produced by activated lymphocytes
Lymphokines
38
Cytokines that are produced by leukocytes and act on leukocytes
Interleukins
39
First cytokine activity is described as _______________
Migratory Inhibitory Factor
40
IL-1 Origin: Target cells: Effect:
IL-1 Origin: Monocyte, Macrophage Target cells: Monocyte, T cells B cells, PMNs Effect: Fever Factor, T cell activation factor
41
Difference of IL-1a and IL-1b IL-1a: __________ IL-1b: __________
Difference of IL-1a and IL-1b IL-1a: Intracellular IL-1b: Secretor
42
IL that induces fever/proinflammatory
IL-1
43
IL that stimulates early hematopoietic cells
IL-3
44
T cell growth factor
IL-2
45
Multicolony colony-stimulating factor
IL-3
46
IL-4 Origin: Target Cells: Effect:
IL-4 Origin: T cells and Mast cels Target Cells: T cells, B cells Effect: Early activation of resting B cells—upregulates MHC class II production
47
IL-5 Origin: Target Cells: Effect:
IL-5 Origin: Helper T cells type 2 (Th2) and mast cells Target Cells: Eosinohils Effect: Activate Eosinophils
48
IL-6 Origin: Target Cells: Effect:
IL-6 Origin: Macrophages, T cells, osteoblasts Target Cells: T cells and B cells Effect: Induces production of CRP
49
IL-8 Origin: Target Cells: Effect:
IL-8 Origin: Macrophages and certain types of epithelial cells Target Cells: PMNs Effect: Stimulator of PMNs in chemotaxis and activates “respiratory burst”
50
IL-12 Origin: Target Cells: Effect:
IL-12 Origin: B cells, macrophages Target Cells: T cells, NK cells Effect: Enhance NK cell function
51
NK cell stimulatory factor
IL-12
52
Primary mediators of Gram negative bacteria
Tumor Necrosis Factor
53
TNF-alpha "____________" Origin: Target Cells: Effect:
TNF-alpha "Cachectin" Origin: Macrophages -- vasodilation and vasopermeability Target Cells: Monocytes, PMNs, T cells, Macrophages, NK cells Effect: Activate T cells by MHC class II, Antigen Presentation
54
TNF-beta "____________" Origin: Target Cells: Effect:
TNF-beta "lymphotoxin" Origin: CD4, CD8 Target Cells: T cells, B cells Effect: Cytotoxic activity in tumor cells and virally infected cells
55
The principal physiologic functions of TNF
(1) to stimulate the recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes to sites of infection; and (2) to activate these cells to eradicate microbes
56
Interferons primary function in ___________________
Anti-viral agents: Virus infected cells - interferes with viral replication and cell division
57
Interferons are produced by ___________
Dendritic cells
58
Leukocyte Interferons
INF-alpha
59
INF-alpha are produced by:
Null Lymphocytes Antiviral Activates NK cells
60
Fibroblast/Epithelial/Fibroepethelial Interferons
INF-beta
61
Immune Interferon
INF-gamma
62
INF-gamma are produced by ________
T-helper cells (Th1)
63
INF-gamma Stimulus: Produced: Effect:
INF-gamma Stimulus: IL-12 Produced: T1 helper cells Effect: Enhance cytotoxic ability of the cells (tumoricidal activity of NK cells)
64
Principal cytokine released by Th1
INF-gamma
65
Cytokines released by Th1
INF-gamma | IL-2
66
IL-2 Produced: Effect:
IL-2 Produced: Activated CD4, CD8, NK cells Effect: T cell proliferation
67
T cell growth factor
IL-2
68
Cytokine produced by the Th2
IL-4 | IL-10
69
IL in the inhibition of cytokine synthesis (anti-inflammatory)
IL-10
70
TGF-beta Produced: Effects:
TGF-beta Produced: T regulatory cells, Eosinophils Effects: Induces IL-10 production, Faxp3

Immunology-Serology (15 decks)

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