INORG Flashcards by Mark Joseph Balares

An antique capillary tube is submitted to the National Museum. The said tube,
fixed horizontally in its display case, contains a 10 cm air column, being blocked by an 8 cm column of mercury
towards the open end of the tube. What will be the length of the air column when
the tube is fixed vertically with the open end down, assuming that the pressure prior to changing its orientation is 1
atm?

A. 9.0 cm
B. 10.1 cm
C. 11.2 cm
D: 12.3 cm

C. 11.2 cm

1 atm = 76 cmHg

P2 + 8 cmHg = 76 cmHg
P2 = 68 cmHg

P1L1 = P2L2
(76)(10) = (68)(L2)

L2 = 11.2 cm

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A certain gas confined in a cylinder by a piston, where the initial pressure in the system is 7 bar and the volume is 0.11 cubic meter. The piston is held in place by latches and the apparatus is in vacuum. Determine the change in energy when the latches are removed suddenly and
the gas expands to double its initial volume and the piston strikes the latches at the end of the process.

A: 1.54 kJ
B: 0.77 kJ
C: 0.59 kJ
D: No change

D: No change

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A traveler is exploring various
locations in the Philippines. During one of her journeys, she realized that she forgot to boil the eggs beforehand. She
knows that the average time to boil an egg, under 1 bar, is 3 minutes. If she can boil all of the eggs at the same time, where should she boil the eggs if she can only stop in each location for no more than 3 minutes?

A: Jaro, Iloilo
B: Mandaluyong, Metro Manila
C: Tagum, Davao
D: Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija

A: Jaro, Iloilo

increase in elevation —> low pressure, decrease BP, increase cooking time

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Determine the partial pressure of oxygen in Siquijor at an altitude of 0.37 km when the air pressure is at 745 torr
at ambient temperature of 28 degree Celsius

A: 150 Torr
B: 565 Torr
C: 715 Torr
D: 835 Torr

A: 150 Torr

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Molecular Formula of Chlorophyll

C55 H72 Mg N4 O5

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Sambong Leaves from Zamboanga del Sur were collected by the Philippine Council for Health Research and Development in
order to extract the Chlorophyll from it. What is the %weight of Nitrogen in the
Chlorophyll samples?

A: 2.72%
B: 6.27%
C: 8.77%
D: 9.22%

B: 6.27%

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What is the empirical formula of the Human DNA?

A: C31H52O34N18P6
B: C37H46O21N10P7
C: C34H55O36N19P2
D: C39H50O22N15P3

D: C39H50O22N15P3

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Which among the following polymers is the most suitable in creating the most effective bulletproof vest?
A: Polymethacrylate Fiber
B: Polyamide Fiber
C: Polycarbonate Fiber
D: Polyethylene Fiber

D: Polyethylene Fiber

aka. UHWMPE

Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene

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Less effective bulletproof vest than polyethylene fiber

A: Polymethacrylate Fiber
B: Polyamide Fiber
C: Polycarbonate Fiber
D: Polyethylene Fiber

Polyamide Fiber (Kevlar)

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Components of polyamide fiber

TPA and 1,4-diaminobenzene

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polymer used as bulletproof window

A: Polymethacrylate Fiber
B: Polyamide Fiber
C: Polycarbonate Fiber
D: Polyethylene Fiber

Polycarbonate fiber

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monomer of polycarbonate

diethyl carbonate

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Catalyst for polycarbonate fiber

Bisphenol-A

-also used in aluminum cans to avoid corrosion
- has been phased out. Most commonly used now is Bisphenol F

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used for plexiglass, lucites, acrylites production

A: Polymethacrylate Fiber
B: Polyamide Fiber
C: Polycarbonate Fiber
D: Polyethylene Fiber

A: Polymethacrylate Fiber

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A research conducted by the DOST requires 20 mL of Copper(II) Nitrate solution. Copper fillings were dissolved
using a minute amount concentrated nitric acid. The reaction that occurred is as
follows:

__ Cu(s) + __ HNO3(aq) –>
__ Cu(NO3)2(aq) + __ H2O(l) + __ NO(g)

Which set of coefficients balances the
above reaction?

A:2,4,7,2,3
B: 1,3,1,6,9
C:3,8,3,4,2
D: 2,5,6,3,1

C:3,8,3,4,2

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An unmarked container for an organic compound is meant for waste disposal. To properly dispose the compound, samples of it were tested in various ways to gather
data that would divulge its identity. The results of the tests are as follows:

[1] – 0.10 g of the compound gave 0.0756 g of water and 0.2882 g of carbon dioxide
[2] – 0.20 g of the compound was able to produce 21.8 mL of nitrogen at 15 deg C and 760 mmHg
[3] – 0.125 g of platinum remained after 0.40 g of the platinichloride of the
compound was ignited
Assuming the compound is a monoacid organic base, What is its molecular formula?
A: C2H9N3
B: C5H4N3
C: CH3N2
D: C7H9N

D: C7H9N

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Fundamental Laws of Chemistry:

Law of Conservation of Mass

Antoine Lavoisier

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Fundamental Laws of Chemistry:

Law of Definite Proportions

Joseph Louis Proust

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Fundamental Laws of Chemistry:

Law of Multiple Proportions

John Dalton

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denotes the ratio at which atoms of a molecule are bonded

Empirical Formula

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actual no. of each atom in a molecule

Molecular Formula

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Which subatomic particle gives the identity of an element?

A: Proton
B: Electron
C: Neutron
D: A and B

A: Proton

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To which subatomic particle does each statement refer to:
(a.) Has a positive charge
(b.) Cannot be found inside the nucleus
(c.) Has the smallest mass
(d.) Has a neutral charge

A: Electron, Neutron, Electron, Proton
B: Proton, Electron, Electron, Neutron
C: Neutron, Proton, Neutron, Electron
D: Proton, Electron, Neutron, Proton

B: Proton, Electron, Electron, Neutron

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Who discovered electrons? How?

JJ Thomson

Cathode Ray Tube Experiment

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Who discovered Protons? How?

Ernest Rutherford (JJ Thomson's student) Cathode Ray Tube Experiment

Who discovered neutrons? How?

James Chadwick bombarding Berrylium with alpha particles from radioactive decay of polonium

Who coined the word electron

George Stoney

conducted the oil drop experiment

Robert Millikan

Plum Pudding Model

JJ Thomson

Geiger Marsden Experiment

Rutherford's students

Bohr Model

Niels Bohr

12. Which among the following statements regarding Classical Physics and Quantum Theory is TRUE? I – Robert Bunsen proposed that Energy, like matter, is discontinuous. II – Quantum Theory places no limitation on the amount of energy that a system may possess. III – The energy of a quantum of electromagnetic radiation is proportional to the frequency of the radiation. A:I,II B:II,III C: II only D. III only

D. III only

A piece of Calcium metal is shined with a light of wavelength 345 nm. The photoelectric work function of calcium is 4.34x10-19 J. What is the speed of the ejected electron? A: 2.25x10^5 m/s B: 4.05x10^5 m/s C: 5.70x10^5 m/s D: 6.55x10^5 m/s

A: 2.25x10^5 m/s

Who proposed and theorized photoelectric effect?

Albert Einstein

Who demonstrated and proved the photoelectric effect?

Robert Millikan

light can exist as either a wave or a particle

Wave-particle duality

Formula: Photoelectric Effect

E = WF + KE

Estimate the energy that each photon possesses as well as the quantity of photons emitted per second from a one-hundred-watt yellow light bulb with y = 550 nm and a one-kilowatt microwave source with y = cm emitting 1.99x10^-23 J per photon and 5.03x10^25 photons per sec. A: 3.60x10^-19 J & 2.77x10^20 photons/s B: 4.64x10^-16 J & 8.01x10^18 photons/s C: 9.61x10^-20 J & 1.94x10^16 photons/s D: 5.87x10^-17 J & 3.21x10^21 photons/s

A: 3.60x10^-19 J & 2.77x10^20 photons/s

de Broglie's wavelength formula

V = h/mv

What is the wavelength of a 40 g Rattan Ball made from Cebu, travelling at 2.0 m/s? A: 7.33x10-8 ym B: 8.28x10-9 ym C: 4.53x10-7 ym D: 6.28x10-6 ym

B: 8.28x10-9 ym

The precision of knowing a particles momentum indicates that its loci would be impossible to determine is one way of interpreting which among the following? A: Aufbau Principle B: Pauli Exclusion Principle C: Compton Effect D: Heisenberg Principle

D: Heisenberg Principle

dictates how the electrons of an atoms are distributed

Electron Configuration

no two electrons can have the same set of quantum numbers

Pauli's Exclusion Principle

principal

shells

azimuthal

subshells

magnetic

orbital

spin

rotation

Pauli's Exclusion Principle

Wolfgang Pauli

Hund's Rule

Friedrich Hund

electrons close to the nucleus shields outer electrons from the nucleus

Shielding

electrons that can get close to the nucleus

Penetration

also known as building up principle

Aufbau Principle arrangement in the order or increasing atomic numbers

when a photon collides with an electron, it transfers momentum to the electron which accelerates it to a new velocity

Compton Effect

Which element constituted the need of a new group in the original design of Dmitri Mendeleev’s Periodic Table? A: Gallium B: Argon C: Mercury D: Tungsten

B: Argon

Which among the following statements is TRUE? A: Cadmium and Bromine are both diamagnetic. B: Cadmium and K^+1 can be affected by an external magnetic force. C: The potassium and chromium ions are both paramagnetic. D: Cr^3+ is more affected by an external magnetic force in comparison to Bromine.

D: Cr^3+ is more affected by an external magnetic force in comparison to Bromine.

electrons paired

diamagnetic

electrons unpaired

paramagnetic

What intermolecular forces does CH3CHOHCH3 have? A: Hydrogen Bonding only B: London Forces and Hydrogen Bonding C: Dipole-Dipole Forces and Hydrogen Bonding D: London Forces, Dipole-Dipole Forces, and Hydrogen Bonding

D: London Forces, Dipole-Dipole Forces, and Hydrogen Bonding

tendency of a molecule to acquire an electric dipole moment when subjected to an electric field

Polarizability

How many water molecules can attach to methanol via hydrogen bonding? A: 2 B: 3 C: 4 D: 5

B: 3

Arrange the following substances in order of increasing magnitude of London Forces: GeCl4, SiCl4, and CCl4. A: GeCl4 < CCl4 < SiCl4 B: CCl4, GeCl4

C: CCl4 < SiCl4 < GeCl4

Which among the following substances has the highest surface tension? A:CCl4 B:CH3OH C:CH3CH2OCH2CH3 D:NOTA

B:CH3OH

Which among the following is the most soluble acid in ethanol? A: CH3(CH2)14COOH B: CH3COOH C: C17H35COOH D: C18H32O2

B: CH3COOH lesser C, more soluble

Determine whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE. (a.) The internal energy of a system comprises that of the energy of every single microscopic particle that makes up that system (b.) Heat and work can be conserved in a system by distributing it evenly amongst the systems constituents (c.) delta U being equal to the summation of heat and work is an interpretation of the First Law of Thermodynamics (d.) delta H can be interpreted as the heat transferred under constant volume conditions. A: False, False, True, True B: True, True, True, True C: False, True, True, False D: True, False, True, False

D: True, False, True, False

work done on the system

positive

work done by the system

negative

heat is absorbed by the system

+ Q

heat is evolved by the system

- Q

Q at constant pressure

Q = dH

Q at constant volume

Q = dU

When methane is combusted with an excess amount of air, carbon dioxide and water vapor is produced. What is the temperature of the product mixture if both reactants were at an initial temperature of 0 deg C? A: 1530 deg C B: 1874 deg C C: 2238 deg C D: 2516 deg C

C: 2238 deg C

A 58 kg diabetic chemical engineer was given a project that will be conducted at a summit point with an elevation of 1450 m in Mount Katanglad. Conscious of his glucose levels, he decided to determine the amount of it that will be metabolized in the climb. For this purpose, he assumed that the work performed is about four times that required in lifting an equal weight body up the entire elevation. If 70% of the heat from the metabolism of glucose was efficiently converted to work, how much of it was metabolized? A: 146 grams B: 302 grams C: 582 grams D: 795 grams

B: 302 grams

an intensive property that dictates the quantity of heat needed to raise the temperature of a substance by 1 degree Celsius. Units: J/deg C

Heat Capacity

an extensive property, otherwise known as specific heat capacity, which dictates the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of a substance by 1 degree Celsius. Units: J/g deg C

Specific Heat

enthalpy change accompanying a reaction wherein reactants in their standard state yield products in their standard state

Standard Enthalpy of Reaction

enthalpy change for the formation of one mole of the substance in its standard state from its elements in their reference form and standard state

standard enthalpy of formation

most stable form (Physical state, Allotrope) of the element under standard conditions

Reference Form

Determine whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE: (a.) Ludwig Boltzmann introduced the concept of entropy and elucidated its behavior in order to explain the direction of spontaneous change (b.) When the temperature of a system is increased, the number of feasible microstates decrease, effectively leading to an increase in entropy (c.) A process wherein two ideal gases in separate bulbs, both at a pressure of 1 bar, are connected and allowed to expand into the total volume, exhibits a positive change in entropy A: True, False, True B: False, False, True C: True, True, False D: False, True, False

B: False, False, True

He was able to explain the essence of Entropy. Essentially he answered: What is Entropy?, 27 years after it was introduced.

Ludwig Boltzmann

introduced entropy in 1854 during his work on the Carnot cycle. Although he wasn’t able to interpret what entropy was, he was able to show its existence and its behavior

Rudolf Clausius

thermodynamic property that is related to the way in which the energy of a system is distributed among the available energy levels

Entropy

a specific microscopic configuration describing how the particles of a system are distributed among the available energy levels

Microstates

Trends of microstates

Increasing the energy of the system, increase entropy Increasing the space available to the particles of the system, increases entropy

Which among the following relationships fully encapsulates the idea of the Second Law of Thermodynamics A: delta S_system < 0 B: delta S_universe > delta S_system + delta S_surrounding C: delta S_universe > 0 D: delta S_system < delta S_surrounding

C: delta S_universe > 0

∆Ssurrounding

-Qsys/Tsurr

criterion for spontaneous change: ∆Suniverse > 0

SPONTANEOUS (+)

criterion for spontaneous change: ∆Suniverse < 0

NON-SPONTANEOUS (-)

criterion for spontaneous change: ∆Suniverse = 0

REVERSIBLE

For each of the following processes, determine the trend of the enthalpy and entropy (A.) Ethyl Alcohol evaporating from a glass container (B.) A diatomic molecule dissociates into atoms (C.) Charcoal is burned to form carbon dioxide and water A: delta H > 0, delta S < 0; delta H > 0, delta S < 0; delta H < 0, delta S > 0 B: delta H > 0, delta S > 0; delta H < 0, delta S > 0; delta H > 0, delta S < 0 C: delta H > 0, delta S > 0; delta H > 0, delta S > 0; delta H < 0, delta S > 0 D: delta H < 0, delta S < 0; delta H > 0, delta S < 0; delta H > 0, delta S > 0

C: delta H > 0, delta S > 0; delta H > 0, delta S > 0; delta H < 0, delta S > 0

Make an educated guess! which among the following substances would closely obey Trouton’s Rule? A: Water B: Toluene C: Hydrogen Fluoride D: Butanol

B: Toluene

For the combustion of liquid acetylene in the presence of oxygen, liquid water and carbon dioxide gas is produced. Given this reaction, which among the following statements is TRUE? A: Since delta S is positive, delta G is more negative than delta H B: Since delta S is negative, delta G is more negative than delta H C: Since delta S is positive, delta G is less negative than delta H D: Since delta S is negative, delta G is less negative than delta H

D: Since delta S is negative, delta G is less negative than delta H

Gibbs Free Energy: G < 0

SPONTANEOUS

Gibbs Free Energy: G > 0

NON-SPONTANEOUS

Gibbs Free Energy: G = 0

REVERSIBLE

For the following pairs, determine which system has the greater chemical potential [1] (1A): One mole of liquid water at 100 deg C or (1B): One mole of water vapor at 100 deg C [2] (2A): 10.0 g of Fe at 2 deg C or (2B): 10.0 g of Fe at 35 deg C [3] (3A): 25 L of air at 1 atm pressure or (3B): 25 L of air compressed isothermally to 100 atm pressure A: 1A, 2A, 3A B: 1B, 2A, 3B C: 1A, 2B, 3A D: 1B, 2B, 3B

D: 1B, 2B, 3B

refers to the potential of a substance to change the Gibbs free energy of the system

Chemical Potential

An aqueous solution of mannitol in water has a vapor pressure of 17.504 mmHg at 20oC, at which temperature, the vapor pressure of pure water is 17.535 mmHg. What is the freezing point depression of the solution? A:0.186oC B:0.194oC C:0.211oC D:0.237oC

A:0.186oC

A solution of 3.795 g of sulfur in 100 g of carbon disulfide (Boiling Point = 46.3 deg C) boils at 46.66 deg C. What is the formula of the sulfur molecule in the solution? Use an ebullioscopic constant of 2.42 for carbon disulfide. A: S2 B: S4 C: S6 D: S8

D: S8

COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES Vapor Pressure Lowering

Psoln = (1-Xsolute) Psolvent vapor pressures

COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES Boiling Point Elevation

Tb = Kbm

COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES Freezing Point Depression

Tf = Kfm

COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES Osmotic Pressure

pi = MRT

kf water

1.86

kb water

0.51

kb ethanol

1.07

kb benzene

2.61

kf benzene

5.07

camphor

1000 g of a 1 molal aqueous solution of sucrose is cooled and maintained at a temperature of -3.534 deg C. How much ice, do you approximate, will separate out from the solution? A: Less than 200 g B: Between 300 to 500 g C: greater than 700 g D: Inefficient amount of information

B: Between 300 to 500 g

A chef from Makati specializing in molecular gastronomy decided to perform an experiment for fun. He bought a red balloon filled with air and poured liquid nitrogen over it. What will happen to the pressure inside the balloon? A: It increases B: It decreases C: Remains the same D: Not enough info

B: It decreases

A laboratory analysis requires mixing a variety of solutions. One solution requires mixing 3.00 L of 0.92 M Copper (II) Nitrate with 7.00 L of an unknown concentration of Sodium Hydroxide while a separate solution is prepared by mixing 2.00 M of Potassium Hydroxide and 12.0 M Oxalic Acid. What are the states of the Copper(II) Hydroxide and Potassium Oxalate produced? A: Cu(OH)2 and K2C2O4 are both solids. B: Cu(OH)2 is a liquid while K2C2O4 is a gas. C: Cu(OH)2 is a gas while K2C2O4 is a solid. D: Cu(OH)2 is a solid while K2C2O4 is a liquid.

D: Cu(OH)2 is a solid while K2C2O4 is a liquid.

Several pints of blood were collected during a Red Cross Program across several universities in Manila. From those collected, a peroxidase enzyme was isolated from a human red blood cell. Performing a quick analysis shows that it contained 0.29% of Selenium. What is the minimum molecular weight of the enzyme? A: 2.31x10^5 B: 2.75x10^4 C: 3.10x10^6 D: 5.88x10^8

B: 2.75x10^4

Which among the following is the third gas that William Ramsay isolated with Morris Travers? A: Argon B: Neon C: Krypton D: Xenon

D: Xenon

discovered four new elements and made new group in periodic table

William Ramsay

Sequence of isolation : Morris Travers Neon Krypton XEnon

1st Neon 2nd Krypton 3rd XEnon

liberated from mineral cleveite

Helium

How many carbon atoms are there in one molecule of “buckyball”? A: 20 B: 40 C: 60 D: 80

INORG Flashcards

(117 cards)