Inorganic 1st partial Flashcards
(30 cards)
to work out delta G from K
g = -RTlnK
Relating k with delta h and delta s
lnK = deltah/RT x delta S/R
overall stepwise stability constant B can be calculated two ways
a) B=k1xk2xk3xk4xk5xk6…etc
b) logB= logk1+ logk2+logk3+logk4…etc
first row TM
Sc V Ti Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn
what type of ligands go with high spin
weak field
eg if you spin alot and then flight youd be really weak and bad
what type of ligands go with low spin
Strong field
eg if you were in a fight and got spun a low amount youd be stronger than if you were spun alot
Tetrahedral complexes always almost have which spin?
high spin
Hard acids
which blocks?
what size radii?
low or high oxidation states?
low or high polarizability?
s and p block, lanthanoids actinoids and early d block. Small radii, high oxidation states, low polarizability.
soft acids
which blocks?
what size radii?
low or high oxidation states?
low or high polarizability?
late d block atoms. Larger radii, low or zero oxidation state, high polarizability.
what are examples of a cn 1 ?
d10 ions with one bulky ligand
eg Cu1 Ag1
what are examples of a cn 2 ?
d10 ions cu1 ag1 au1 hg11
also first row tm in +2 state eg Mn2 Fe2 Co2 Ni2
what are examples of a cn 3?
d10 au1 cu1 ag1 hg11 pt0
or very bulky ligands
what are examples of a cn 4 ? tetrahedral
frist transition row , anionic ligands , bulky ligands , weak field ligands most d configurations apart from 3 and 4
what are examples of a cn 4 ? square planar
d8 ions pd2 pt2 rh1 ir1 au3
Ni2 and cu2 shapes.
Can have tetrahedral square planar and intermediate shapes. Depends on ligand and counterion in crystal.
ni 2 + pi acceptor ligands what shape?
square planar
ni2 + bulky ligands (halides) what shape?
tetrahedral
ni2 + sigma donor ligands eg nh3 en h20, what shape?
Octahedral
how do we convert a ni2 tetrahedral shape to a ni2 octahedral shape?
It happens upon solvent coordination. When we use DMF as a solvent it may occur.
what are examples of a cn 5 ? trigonal bipyramidal
mn+ first transition series
d1,2,3,4,8,9,10
what are examples of a cn 5? square based pyramidal
d6 d7 low spin
or d0/s1/d2 oxo or nitro complexes where oxo or nitro occupies axial site
Interconversion between CN5 forms
the energy difference between Trigonal bipyramidal and square pyramid is small so they display fluxonial behaviour where they isomerize from one structure to another rapidly.
we can prove this is the case by NMR and IR.
what are examples of a cn 6 ? octahedral
most complexes form this shape
it is the best compromise between increased acceptor bond energy shown by high CN and decreased ligand ligand steric interaction shown from high CNs.
Also the hugh symmetry gives low energy to three d orbitals which is favourable.
CN 6 octahedral - Isomer names 2,4
cis trans
