Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

chemistry flashcards > Inorganic chemistry - study of carbon compounds > Flashcards

Inorganic chemistry - study of carbon compounds Flashcards

(55 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Define a displayed formula

A

Shows the relative spacing and placing of atoms and the number of bonds between them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define an expanded formula

A

Gives the minimal detail using conventional groups for a non-confusing structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define an empirical formula

A

Shows the simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define a molecular formula

A

It gives the exact number of atoms of each element in the compound but doesn’t tell you about the bonding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define a structural formula

A

Shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule of a compound but not all the bonds between them ( only certain bonds)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define a skeletal formula

A

A diagram representation of an organic compound in which lines represent bonds between atoms and atoms are represented by their chemical symbol.
* if no symbol is present assume tat hydrogens are found at the end of the line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define general formula

A

Represents the composition of any member of an entire class of compounds ie alkanes have general formula CNH2N + 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the general formula for alkanes

A

CNH2N + 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the general formula for alkenes ?

A

CNH2N

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the general formula for haloalkanes ?

A

CNH2N + 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the general formula for a carboxylic acid ?

A

RCOOH
where R = CNH2N + 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the general formula for alcohols ?

A

CNH2N + 1 OH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the general formula for a ketone ?

A

RCOR
where R = CNH2N + 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name the first 10 alkanes

A

methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane

mneumonic to remember - most eagles play basketball professionally however hamsters only nibble donuts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the symbol and charge for an ammonium ion ?

A

NH4 +

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the symbol and charge for a nickel ion ?

A

Ni2+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the symbol and charge for a nitrate ion ?

A

NO3 - ( 3 oxygens)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the symbol and charge for a nitrite ion ?

A

NO2 - ( 2 oxygens)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the symbol and charge for a carbonate ion ?

A

CO3 2-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the symbol and charge for a sulphate ion ?

A

SO4 2-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the symbol and charge for a sulphide ion ?

A

S 2-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the symbol and charge for a sulphite ion ?

A

SO3 2-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the symbol and charge for a nitride ion ?

19
Q

What is the symbol and charge for a phosphate ion ?

20
As alkane chain gets longer what properties develop ?
more viscous, harder to ignite and higher boiling point
21
If the C chain is more branched what does this mean
Lower boiling point due to weaker Vanderwall forces ( intermolecular)
22
What is cracking and what are the two different types of cracking ?
- cracking is used to break up large hydrocarbons into smaller ones - two types are thermal and catalytic cracking
23
What are the conditions needed for thermal cracking
900 C, 70 atm of pressure and the products are alkanes
24
What are the conditions needed for catalytic cracking
450 C, 1-2 atm of pressure, zeolites ( catalysts) and products are branched alkanes
25
Why are alkanes good fuels
Burn readily in the presence of oxygen, very exothermic reaction
26
What are the products of complete vs incomplete combustion
complete combustion produces carbon dioxide and water while incomplete combustion produces carbon monoxide and carbon ( soot)
27
What problem does CO cause
toxic, binds to cells better than O2, also colourless and odourless to prevent its production, good oxygen supply when burning fuels
28
What problem does soot form ?
blackens buildings, causes respiratory issues and global dimming To prevent this, good supply of o2 when burning fuels
29
What problem is caused by NO2 and SO2 ?
acid rain which damages trees, harms aquatic life this can be prevented by removing sulfur from fuel before burning and using catalytic converters in cars
30
What problem is caused by unburnt hydrocarbons ?
fuel wastage, engines should be well tuned and have a good o2 supply
31
Why are alkanes very unreactive ?
they are not polar molecules and also have very strong bonds which requires a lot of energy to break
32
What is a free radical
Any chemical species with an unpaired electron
33
What are the three stages of a free radical reaction ?
Initiation, propagation, termination
34
Describe the stages of reaction between methane and bromine
initiation - UV light shone onto BR2 which has a single covalent bond consisting of a pair of electrons. one electron goes to each Br atom. Teo Br free radicals are made propagation- bromine free radical reacts with CH4. Nicks a H atom from methane and an electron, forming HBR and a methyl free radical. methyl free radical reacts with Br molecule producing bromomethane and BR free radical termination - two free radicals react to form a stable molecule one with no unpaired electrons ie two Br radicals react to form a Br molecule
35
What is the problem with free radical substitution of alkanes
many side products are formed
36
What is an isomer ?
A structure with the same molecular formula but at least one different chemical/ physical property
37
Longer isomers have what
Higher boiling points
38
What is a structural isomer ?
Same molecular formula but a different structure
39
What are the three types of structural isomers
chain isomers - different carbon chain position isomers - different position of functional group functional group isomers - different functional group
40
What are stereoisomers ?
molecules with same structural formula but different spatial arrangement of atoms ( EZ isomers)
41
What are the two types of stereoisomers
- optical isomers have two molecules which are non-superimposable mirror images of each other. Means you can't slide one molecule exactly over the other because one would always be pointing in wrong direction - geometric isomers: in gemoeric isomers functional groups cannot freely rotate around chemical bond, generally because of a carbon carbon double bound
42
What is cis trans ?
naming system for geometrical isomers . carbon atoms on double bond must be attached to two different groups and at least one of these groups mus teb the same on both C atoms of the double bond
43
Cis isomer
the groups are on the same side of the molecule
44
Trans isomer
the groups are on opposite sides of the molecule
45
Z isomer
the groups are on the same side of the molecule
46
E isomer
the groups are on different sides of the molecule
47
E/Z system
- another naming system for isomers - works even if the carbon atoms on either side of double bond are attached to more than 2 groups - to use this system establish which atoms which groups have priority on the left and right hand side of double bond - higher priority based on higher atomic number - then used higher priority groups to decide which is E and which is Z isomer
48
mass of an ion in kg
(mass number x 10^-3) / avogadro's constant
49
how to deduce the group of an element by looking at successive ionisation energies
- look for biggest jump in energy - whatever two numbers this jump is between ie 5th and 6th ionisation energies, first number represents the valence shell and the second number represents inner shell. the large jump in ionisation energy shows that the shell is inner because there is a larger attraction between the electron and nucleus than with the valence shell.
50
What are the two important formulas to remember for time of flight calculations?
kinetic energy = 1/2 x m x v^2 v = d/t

chemistry flashcards (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions