INR2002 EXAM1 Flashcards by Rod Meyer

seeks to understand how people and countries of the world get along

International Relations

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observations about the world that demand and explanation

Puzzle

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a logically consistent set of statements that explains a phenomenon of interest

Theory

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3 I’s

Interests, Interactions, and Institutions

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Goals actors have… outcomes they hope to obtain through political action

Interests

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Ways in which 2 or more actors choices combine to produce political outcomes

Interactions

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are sets of rules that are known and shared by the relevant community that structure political interactions
“rules of the game”

Institutions

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2 Types of Interactions

Bargaining, and Cooperations

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when 2 or more actors divide something they both want

Bargaining

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when actors have common interests and need to act in a coordinated way to achieve those interests

Cooperation

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the observation that mature democratic states rarely go to war with one another

Democratic Peace

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representatives of states with different interests interact within institutions to determine a countries foreign policy

International Level (of analysis)

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Levels of analysis

International, Domestic, Transnational

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subnational actors with different interests interact within institutions to determine the country’s foreign policy changes

Domestic Level (of analysis)

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groups whose members span borders - pursue their interests by trying to influence both domestic and international policies

transnational level (of analysis)

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2 key assumptions of realism

states are dominant

2. the stage of world politics is characterized by anarchy

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the absence of a central authority with the ability to make and enforce laws that bind us all

anarchy

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Thucydides, Hobbes, Machiavelli, Jacques

People involved in Realism

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Locke, Kant, Smith, Ricardo

People involved in Liberalism

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Many actors are important in this case, wealth is a goal for most actors, their shared goals are the basis for cooperations

Liberalism

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Wendt, Ruggie, Katzenstein

People of Constructivism

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focuses on nonmaterial sources of interest (ideas, cultures and norms)

Constructivism

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Western Europeans’ economic and military interests reflected in what

Mercantilism

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power and economic influence complement one another

mercantilism

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most important control of mercanilists

those applied to trade

ended the 30 years war and created the modern state system (recognition of sovereignty and nonintervention)

Peace of Westphalia

Hegemony

The predominance of one nation-state over others

"british peace"

Pax Britannica

The end of Mecantilism

Free Trade

the monetary system in which countries tied their worth of money to be exchanged at a legally fixed cost

The Gold Standard

peace treaty that b/w allies and Germany taht formally ended WW1. Put all the blame on Germany,,, war reparations

Treaty of Versailles

a collective organization after WW1 prequel to the United Nations

League of Nations

an alliance between U.S., Canada, and most of W. Europe in response to Soviet threat

NATO

the economic order negotiated among allied nations which led to a series of cooperative arrangements involving freer trade

Bretton Woods System

A military alliance formed in 1955 by Soviet Union and its Cold War allies in Eastern Europe

Warsaw Pact

the process of shedding colonial possessions during the end of European Empires

decolonization

what actors want to achieve through political action

Interests

3 basic groups of interest analysis

1. power or security 2. economic or material welfare 3. ideological goals

the basic unit for the analysis of international politics

actors

a central authority with the ability to make and enforce laws, rules and decisions

state

the expectation that states have legal and political supremacy (ultimate authority) wihtin their territorial boundaries

soverignty

interests that belong to the state itself (usually security and power)

National Interests

2 assumptions of studying interactions

1. actors behave w the intent of producing a desired result | 2. actors adopt strategies according to what they believe the other actor will choose

sum-zero-game is also called

bargaining

a type of cooperative interaction in which actors benefit from all making the same choices and subsequently have no incentive to not cooperate

coordination

a type of cooperation in which actors gain from working together but nonetheless have incentives to not come to an agreement

collaboration

obstacles to cooperation in which actors have incentive to collaborate but each acts w the expectation that others will pay the costs of cooperation

collective action problem

repeated interactions with the same partners

iteration

the linking of cooperation on one issue to interactions on a second issue

linkage

a strategy of imposing or threatening to impose costs on other actors in order to induce a change in their behavior

coercion

alternatives to bargaining w a specific actor

outside options

actions taken before or during bargaining that make the reversion outcome more favorable for one party

agenda setting

an event involving organized use of military force by at least two parties that reaches a minimum threshold

War

minimum threshold for war

at least 1000 battle deaths

a war in which the main participants are states

interstate war

a war in which the main participants are within the same state such as a gov't and a rebel group

Civil War

a dilemma that arises when efforts that states make to defend themselves cause other states to fell less secure; can lead to arms races and war bc of fear of attack

security dilemma

3 main reasons for war

1. territory 2. states policies 3. to change regimes

a bargaining interaction in which at least one actor threatens to use force in the event that its demands aren't being met

crisis bargaining

the use of threats to advance specific demands in a bargaining interaction

coercive diplomacy

the set of deals that both parties in a bargaining interaction prefer over the reversion outcome. When the reversion outcome is war, the bargaining range is the set of deals that both sides prefer over war

Bargaining range

an effort to change the status quo through the threat of force

compellence

an effort to preserve the status quo through the threat of force

deterrence

the willingness of an actor to endure costs in order to acquire a particular good

resolve

the trade-off b/w trying to get a better deal and trying to avoid a war

risk-return trade-off

believability

credibilty

a strategy in which adversaries take actions that increase the risk of accidental war, with the hope that the other will "blink" first and make concessions

brinksmanship

negative repercussions for failing to follow through with a threat

audience costs

a war fought with the intention of preventing an adversary from becoming stronger in the future

Preventative War

the situation that arises when military technology, military strategies, and/or geography give a significant advantage to whichever state attacks first in a war

first-strike advantage

a war fought with the anticipation that an attack by the other side is imminent

preemptive war

a good that cannot be divided without diminishing its value

indivisible good

the collection of organizations - including the military, diplomatic corps, and intelligence agencies that carry out most tasks of the governance within a state

bureaucracy

groups of individuals with common interests that organize to influence public policy in a manner that benefits their members

interest groups

the tendency for people to become more supportive of their country's government in response to dramatic international events, such as crises of wars

rally effect

the incentive that state leaders have to start international crises in order to rally public support at home

diversionary incentive

an alliance between military leaders and the industries that benefit from international conflict, such as arms manufacturers

military-industrial complex

the observation that there are few, if any, clear cases of war between mature democratic states

democratic peace

a political system in which candidates compete for political office through frequent, fair elections in which a sizable portion of the adult population can vote

democracy

a political system in which an individual or small group exercises power with few constraints and no meaningful competition or participation by the general public

autocracy

the ability to punish or reward leaders for the decisions they make, as when frequent, fair elections enable voters to hold elected officials responsible for their actions by granting or withholding access to political office

accountability

INR2002 EXAM1 Flashcards

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