InS Flashcards
(45 cards)
Who developed the heliocentric theory?
Nicolaus Copernicus developed the heliocentric theory, stating that the sun, not the Earth, was at the center of the solar system.
This contradicted the geocentric model supported by the Church.
What was the impact of Copernicus’s heliocentric model on society?
It challenged the authority of the Church, shifted human understanding of the universe, and laid the groundwork for modern astronomy.
What did Edward Jenner develop?
Edward Jenner developed the world’s first successful vaccine for smallpox using material from cowpox sores.
He observed that milkmaids who had contracted cowpox did not get smallpox.
What was the significance of Jenner’s vaccine?
His discovery marked the beginning of immunology, revolutionized disease prevention, and contributed to the eventual eradication of smallpox.
What are Isaac Newton’s major contributions?
Newton formulated the three laws of motion and the universal law of gravitation, co-invented calculus, and contributed to optics and mathematics.
How did Newton’s work impact society?
It unified the physics of the heavens and Earth into one system governed by natural laws, transforming the scientific worldview.
What was a major weakness of the League of Nations?
The League lacked real power, had no military force, and relied on moral pressure and sanctions, which were ineffective.
What ideologies contributed to the aggression leading to World War II?
Nazism promoted racial superiority and territorial expansion, while Fascism emphasized authoritarian rule and military conquest.
What was the impact of the Great Depression on Germany?
The economic crisis weakened the Weimar Republic, increased support for extremist parties like the Nazis, and made nations less willing to act collectively.
What was the Nuclear Arms Race?
Following the use of atomic bombs in 1945, the USA and USSR entered a competition to develop more powerful nuclear weapons.
What was NATO?
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) was formed in 1949 as a collective defense alliance against Soviet aggression.
What was the Cuban Missile Crisis?
In 1962, the USSR placed nuclear missiles in Cuba, leading to a U.S. naval blockade and a tense standoff that ended with their withdrawal.
What were Proxy Wars during the Cold War?
Superpowers engaged in indirect conflicts through allied nations, such as the Korean War, Vietnam War, and Soviet-Afghan War.
What was McCarthyism?
McCarthyism refers to Senator Joseph McCarthy’s campaign to root out communists from American institutions, leading to thousands being blacklisted.
What was the Berlin Wall?
Built in 1961, the Berlin Wall separated East (communist) and West (capitalist) Berlin and became a symbol of the Cold War.
What characterized medical practice during the Medieval Period?
Medicine was based on the Four Humours theory, with illness seen as punishment from God and limited understanding of hygiene.
What advancements occurred during the Scientific Revolution in medicine?
The era encouraged empirical observation; Vesalius improved anatomy knowledge, and Harvey discovered blood circulation.
What were the medical advancements during World War I?
Advances included improvements in surgery for bullet wounds, blood transfusion techniques, and mobile X-ray units.
What was the significance of the National Health Service (NHS) in the UK?
Created in 1948, the NHS provided free healthcare, significantly reducing inequality in access to medical care.
Who improved the telescope and made it more powerful?
Galileo Galilei
He did not invent the telescope but enhanced its capabilities.
What celestial bodies did Galileo discover?
Moons of Jupiter (Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto), Phases of Venus, Mountains and craters on the Moon, Sunspots
These discoveries were significant for the field of astronomy.
What theory did Galileo support that was originally proposed by Copernicus?
Heliocentrism
This theory posits that the Earth orbits the Sun.
What did Galileo study regarding motion?
Motion and falling objects
He demonstrated that all objects fall at the same rate, disproving Aristotle’s theories.
What early ideas did Galileo develop that influenced Newton’s Laws?
Inertia
His work laid foundational concepts for classical mechanics.
