Ins511

Question 1

What is application software?

Answer 1

Software that helps users perform specific tasks like word processing, graphic design, or browsing the web.

Question 2

Give examples of application software.

Answer 2

Microsoft Word, Adobe Photoshop, Google Chrome.

Question 3

What is programming software?

Answer 3

Software including compilers, debuggers, and IDEs used to write and test code.

Question 4

Name some high-level programming languages.

Answer 4

Python, Java, C++, JavaScript.

Question 5

What is system software?

Answer 5

Software that manages and controls hardware and provides a platform for application software.

Question 6

What are examples of operating systems?

Answer 6

Windows, macOS, Linux, Android.

Question 7

Describe Symbian OS.

Answer 7

An OS developed for smartphones, used by Nokia, discontinued by 2012.

Question 8

What are device drivers?

Answer 8

Programs allowing the OS to communicate with hardware devices.

Question 9

What is utility software?

Answer 9

Programs for system maintenance tasks like antivirus, disk cleanup, file management.

Question 10

List types of operating systems.

Answer 10

Batch OS, Time-Sharing OS, Distributed OS, Real-Time OS, Mobile OS, Embedded OS, Network OS.

Question 11

What are the categories of websites?

Answer 11

Informational, E-commerce, Social Media, Portfolio, Community Forums, Entertainment.

Question 12

What is malware?

Answer 12

Malicious software designed to harm or exploit systems.

Question 13

List types of malware.

Answer 13

Viruses, Worms, Trojan Horses, Ransomware, Spyware, Adware.

Question 14

List types of computer viruses.

Answer 14

File Infector, Macro, Polymorphic, Metamorphic, Boot Sector, Resident.

Question 15

What is information privacy?

Answer 15

The right to control how personal data is collected, stored, shared, and used.

Question 16

List the key aspects of information privacy.

Answer 16

Data Protection, Consent, Confidentiality, Transparency, Rights of Individuals.

Question 17

What are health concerns related to technology?

Answer 17

Eye strain, sleep disruption, repetitive strain injuries, and mental health effects.

Question 18

What is green computing?

Answer 18

Environmentally sustainable computing through practices like e-waste recycling, energy-efficient hardware.

Question 19

List types of software licenses.

Answer 19

Proprietary, Open-source, Freeware, SaaS.

Question 20

What is competitive advantage?

Answer 20

An edge in cost, quality, or speed that allows a company to perform better than competitors.

Question 21

Define a business process.

Answer 21

A collection of related activities that produce a product or service of value.

Question 22

What are the elements of a business process?

Answer 22

Inputs, Resources, Outputs.

Question 23

How do information systems support the procurement process?

Answer 23

They automate workflows, capture data, and monitor performance across departments.

Question 24

What is Robotic Process Automation (RPA)?

Answer 24

The use of software bots to automate repetitive business tasks.

Question 25

Give examples of RPA applications.

Answer 25

Customer service, invoice processing, sales orders, payroll, price comparison.

Question 26

What is Business Process Reengineering (BPR)?

Answer 26

A radical redesign to improve productivity by starting from scratch.

Question 27

What is Business Process Improvement (BPI)?

Answer 27

A method of continuous improvement and optimization.

Question 28

What is Business Process Management (BPM)?

Answer 28

Systematic tools and tech to manage and improve workflows in real time.

Question 29

What are market pressures?

Answer 29

Globalization, changing workforce, empowered customers.

Question 30

What are technology pressures?

Answer 30

Innovation and obsolescence, information overload.

Question 31

What are societal, political, and legal pressures?

Answer 31

Social responsibility, environmental concerns, regulations.

Question 32

How can IT respond to business pressures?

Answer 32

Cloud computing, CRM, analytics, security, compliance management.

Question 33

What is a strategic information system?

Answer 33

An IS that helps achieve competitive advantage or supports strategic goals.

Question 34

What are Porter's five competitive forces?

Answer 34

Threat of new entrants, bargaining power of suppliers, power of buyers, threat of substitutes, rivalry.

Question 35

What is Porter’s Value Chain model?

Answer 35

A model describing primary and support activities that add value.

Question 36

What are examples of primary activities?

Answer 36

Inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing & sales, after-sales service.

Question 37

What is business-IT alignment?

Answer 37

Aligning IT with business strategy to create value.

Question 38

List characteristics of effective IT alignment.

Answer 38

IT as innovation catalyst, customer focus, cross-department rotation, shared goals, financial literacy, inclusive culture.

Question 39

What is ethics?

Answer 39

Moral guidelines people follow to decide right and wrong.

Question 40

What are the three tenets of ethics?

Answer 40

Responsibility, Accountability, Liability.

Question 41

List four categories of ethical issues in IT.

Answer 41

Privacy, Accuracy, Property, Access.

Question 42

What is the utilitarian approach to ethics?

Answer 42

Choosing actions that produce the greatest benefit with the least harm.

Question 43

What is the rights approach to ethics?

Answer 43

Protecting individuals’ rights such as privacy and safety.

Question 44

What is the fairness approach to ethics?

Answer 44

Ensuring equal treatment unless justified.

Question 45

What is the common good approach to ethics?

Answer 45

Focusing on shared societal benefits.

Question 46

What is deontology?

Answer 46

Judging actions by their adherence to rules, not consequences.

Question 47

What are the steps of the ethical decision-making framework?

Answer 47

1. Identify issues, 2. Gather info, 3. Analyze options, 4. Choose decision, 5. Implement and learn.

Question 48

Give examples of corporate ethical failures.

Answer 48

Enron (fraud), Facebook-Cambridge Analytica (privacy), Uber (workplace misconduct), BP (environmental), Volkswagen (non-compliance).

Question 49

What are modern privacy rights?

Answer 49

Protection of personal data including consent, security, and the right to be forgotten.

Question 50

What are major privacy concerns?

Answer 50

Data breaches, digital footprints, lack of control over data, identity theft.

Question 51

What is the opt-out model?

Answer 51

Data is collected by default unless users opt out.

Question 52

What is the opt-in model?

Answer 52

Explicit user consent is required before data collection.

Question 53

What is P3P?

Answer 53

Platform for Privacy Preferences - a protocol to communicate privacy policies online.

Question 54

List privacy policy guidelines.

Answer 54

State data collection methods, ensure accuracy, enforce confidentiality, plan breach responses.

Question 55

What are threats to privacy from technology?

Answer 55

Electronic surveillance, online tracking, database breaches, data aggregation.

Question 56

What are ethical challenges from emerging tech?

Answer 56

AI bias, surveillance risks, IoT vulnerabilities, genetic privacy, e-waste.