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Entomology > Insect Growth and Development > Flashcards

Insect Growth and Development Flashcards

1
Q

What is Ecdysis?

A

Molting

The shedding of the old cuticle.

Ecdysis

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2
Q

Whats the purpose of molting fluid?

A

It digests the old cuticle.

Cuticle is the outerlayer of the “skin”

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3
Q

Whats the old “skin” / cuticle after molting called?

A

Exuvium

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4
Q

The chemical process of darkening & Hardening of the cuticle?

A

Sclerotization

A.K.A Tanning

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5
Q

What controls the different stages of ecdysis?

Think two chemicals:

A
  • JUVENILE HORMONE (JH)
  • ECDYSTEROIDS (20E)
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6
Q

When are Ecdysteroid (20E) levels low?

A

Right before ecdysis

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7
Q

When are juvenile hormones low?

JH levels seem to be dependant on another hormone

A

When Ecdysteriod (20E) levels are high

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8
Q

Is Adult Emergance the same as Ecdysis?

A

Its similar, but males now have sperm store and females typically have eggs or they are now developing

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9
Q

Do female or male insects typically take longer to reproductivly mature?

A

Females

(Varies by species.)

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10
Q

Pro-ovigenic

A

All eggs are present in the female.

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11
Q

Synthovigenic

A

Eggs develop through adulthood.

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12
Q

Life cycle terms:

Offspring from a parent population moving through a life cycle together

A

Generation

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13
Q

Life cycle terms:

An insects development status

**EX: **Egg stage, 3rd instar, adult stage

A

Its stage

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14
Q

Life cycle terms:

Time period inbetween molts / ecdysis

A

Stadium

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15
Q

Life cycle terms:

The actual insect between molts

E.g. 3rd-instar has a stadium of 3 days

A

Instar

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16
Q

Types of Metamorphosis:

Simple/Incomplete (Ametabolous)

A

– Wings (if any) develop externally during immature stages
– Typically no inactive/dormant stage before last molt
– Immatures often look like adults

17
Q

Types of Metamorphosis

Complete (Holometabolous)

A

– Wings develop internally during the immature stages
– Has a dormant pupal stage before the last molt
– Immatures do not look like adults

18
Q

Types of Metamorphosis

Hemimetabolous

A

Having no pupal stage in the transition from larva to adult.

19
Q

Metamorphosis

Histogenesis

A

Breakdown of body
tissues

20
Q

Metamorphosis

Histolysis

A

Formation of new
tissues

21
Q

Whats a trait for some long living insects?

A

Reproductive and social

  • Ant queen: 18 years
  • Termite queen: 12 years
  • Honeybee queen: 2-3 years
22
Q

Whats a trait for some short living insects?

A

No feeding

– Ephemeroptera (Mayflies)

23
Q

Voltinism

A

How many generations per year.

24
Q

Voltinism

Univoltine

A

One generation a year

Ex: Grasshoppers, temperant regions

25
Q

Voltinism

Bivoltine

A

Two generations a year

Ex: Silkworms, northern latitudes

26
Q

Voltinism

Multivoltine

A

2+ generations a year

Ex: Aphids

27
Q

Voltinism

Semi-voltine

A

It takes more than one year to complete a lifecycle, offspring rotate years.

Ex: Wire-worms, june beetles

28
Q

Dormancy in insects is often called:

A

Diapause

29
Q

What is this insect going through if experiencing these stimuli?

-Reduced metabolism
-Temperature, photoperiod,
humidity, food quality may be off

A

Diapause

30
Q

Other names for diapause?

A

Overwintering and dormancy

31
Q

Diapause

The type of diapause an insect undergoes from uncomfortable stimuli

A

Facultative Diapause / Quiescence

32
Q

The type of diapause thats normal to insect development and occurs at a fixed time

A

Obligatory Diapause

33
Q

Thermal Regulation

Supercooling

A

Body fluids don’t freeze

Antifreeze proteins, Cryoprotectants

34
Q

Thermal Regulation

Freezing Tolerance

A

Body fluids freeze

Freezing outside of cells

35
Q

Thermal Regulation

What are some behaviors insects may have if theyre hot or cold?

A
  • Bask in sunlight
  • Huddle together
  • Find shade
  • Changes self
36
Q

Thermal Regulation

Physiological and morphological Mechanisms to prevent hot or cold temperature:

A
  • Produce more fatty acids
  • Change colors
  • Air sac insulation
  • Pilosity
37
Q

Poikilothermic

A

Animals whos body temperature fluctuates with the environment

Entomology (7 decks)

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