Inside the cell

Question 1

What is S?

Answer 1

Svedberg unit, sedimentation coefficient

Question 2

What do the Svedberg unit measure?

Answer 2

the rate at which a particle sediments in a centrifuge

Question 3

What is the Svedberg unit affected by?

Answer 3

mass, density and shape, particles that sediment faster have a larger number

Question 4

What are the 2 subunits of ribosomes compose of?

Answer 4

rRNA and proteins

Question 5

What is the smaller unit of ribosome called?

Answer 5

30S subunit

Question 6

What is the larger subunit ribosome called?

Answer 6

50S subunit

Question 7

What is the complete ribosome called?

Answer 7

70S subunit

Question 8

Describe the 50S subunit

Answer 8

23S rRNA + 5S rRNA + more than 30 proteins

Question 9

Describe the 30S subunit

Answer 9

16rRNA + more than 20 proteins

Question 10

describe the ribosomes of eukaryotic cells

Answer 10

40S subunit + 60S subunit = 80S ribosome

Question 11

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 11

protein synthesis

Question 12

How many pairs of linear chromosomes do we have?

Answer 12

23 pairs

Question 13

Describe the structure of chromosomes

Answer 13

one circular double stranded DNA chromosome. DNA is coiled and wrap around proteins (proteins are not histones)

Question 14

What is the function of chromosomes

Answer 14

site of DNA and RNA synthesis

Question 15

What is the structure of plasmids?

Answer 15

circular double stranded DNA

Question 16

What is the function of plasmids

Answer 16

encode genes that give a cell selective advantage. eg antibiotic resistance

Question 17

Describe the cytoskeleton

Answer 17

variety of types, made from protein, have roll in cell division and shape, similar to eukaryotic’s

Question 18

Which bacteria have intracytoplasmic membranes

Answer 18

photosynthetic bacteria

Question 19

What is the structure of intracytoplasmic membranes

Answer 19

varies, can be stacks of flattened vesicles

Question 20

What is the function of intracytoplasmic membranes

Answer 20

to increase SA for photosynthesis

Question 21

What is inclusion?

Answer 21

used to describe ganuelles or structures in the cytoplasm of bacteria

Question 22

What is the structure and fn of inclusions?

Answer 22

varies

Question 23

How are inclusions viewed?

Answer 23

light microscope, stained for ID purposes, not all bacteria have them

Question 24

Name the three storage inclusions

Answer 24

glycogen, poly beta hydroxy butyrate (PHB), and polyphopshate

Question 25

What is the structure of glycogen ?

Answer 25

polymers w/branching chains of glucose

Question 26

What is the function of glycogen

Answer 26

source of nrg and carbon for biosynthesis

Question 27

What is the structure of poly beta hydroxy butyrate

Answer 27

polymer synthesized from acetyl groups

Question 28

What is the function of poly beta hydroxy butyrate

Answer 28

source of nrg and carbon for biosynthesis

Question 29

What is the structure of polyphosphate?

Answer 29

bunch of phosphate linked together

Question 30

What is the function of polyphsohate?

Answer 30

source of phoshphate for synthesis of nucleoside triphosphate and phospholipid

Question 31

What is the stucture of microcompartments

Answer 31

a polyhedral shell made of proteins enclosing sequentially acting enzymes

Question 32

What is an example of a microcompartment

Answer 32

carboxysomes

Question 33

what is the structure of a carboxysome

Answer 33

polyhedral shell composed of 1000s of copies of 6 diff protein subunits, inside are 2 sequentially acting enzymes

Question 34

What is the fn of carboxysomes

Answer 34

to make the fixation of CO2 more efficient

Question 35

Which bacteria has carboxysomes

Answer 35

cyanobacteria and other CO2 fixing bacterial

Question 36

What are gas vacuoles

Answer 36

composed of large numbers of gas vesicles

Question 37

What is the structure of a gas vesicle

Answer 37

walls are made of multiple subunits of protein that self assemble to form hollow capped structure

Question 38

What are the walls of gas vesicles permeable to

Answer 38

gases but not water

Question 39

What is the fn of gas vacuoles

Answer 39

found in aquatic organisms, used to regulate buoyancy

Question 40

How do gas vacuoles regulate buoyancy

Answer 40

cells collapse the vesicle to descend and synthesize new ones to ascend. cells can move to depth w/appropriate light, nutrients etc

Question 41

What is the structure of magnetosomes

Answer 41

each contains crystals of magnetite (FeO4), from a chain inside the cell

Question 42

What is the fn of magnetosomes

Answer 42

act like a magnet allowing bacteria to align w.earth's magnetic field (north and down)

Question 43

Why is it useful to have magnetosomes to aligh w/earth's magnetic field

Answer 43

can be used to direct bacterial downwards towards nutrient rich sediments