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Sociology 100 > Institutions > Flashcards

Institutions Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

Institutional theory

A

Widely accepted theoretical posture that emphasizes rational myth isomorphism and legitimacy.

Considers processes by which structures become established as authoritative guidelines for Social behaviour

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2
Q

Institutions composed of…

A

Normative, cognitive and regulative elements

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3
Q

1st industrial revolution

A

Machine labour replacing human labour

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4
Q

2nd industrial revolution

A

Division of labour grows

Mass production/bureaucracy

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5
Q

Institution

A

Formal and stable organization and structure that helps define govern and constrain a field of action

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6
Q

Technical division of labour

A

Harry braverman
Those that conceptualize and hence power regards the process and those that simply execute
Hire cheap unskilled labour
Introduce machinery

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7
Q

Taylorism

A

Principles of practice of scientific management

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8
Q

Network society

A

People are involved in several distinct networks of communication with specific language use

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9
Q

Reflexive modernization

A

Constant renewal and reorganization of structures

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10
Q

Individualization thesis

A

Without stable structures individual faces greater anxiety and ones biography must be self managed.

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11
Q

Temporal and spatial reorganization of work

A

Less distinction between home and work - problem of leisure

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12
Q

Fluid intelligence

A

Ability to learn how to learn

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13
Q

Crystallized intelligence

A

Cultural knowledge or problem-solving skills

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14
Q

Visual spatial intelligence

A

Ability to visualize the world accurately

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15
Q

Emotional intelligence

A

Ability to recognize ones own and others emotions for action

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16
Q

Purpose of education

A

Socialization
Selection
Legitimation (science)

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17
Q

Organization of education

A

Each system reflects the organization of wider society with social hierarchies of disciplines personnel and students

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18
Q

Experience of education

A

How the purpose and organization shapes the experience of students, teachers, and staff

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19
Q

Structural functional perspective on education

A

Meritocracy: everyone is the same chance of succeeding based in their hard work and skill

Expansion of education system will lead to greater equality of opportunity

Teaching to equip students for the economy

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20
Q

Conflict perspective on education

A

Reinforces social stratification - benefits those on top

Hidden curriculum?

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21
Q

Selective school organization

A

Greater choice in types of schools

Streaming students in classes based on ability

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22
Q

Unitary school organization

A

Comprehensive public systems -the common school - broader bases education

No banding of students based on ability

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23
Q

the hidden curriculum

Study These Flashcards
A

What we learn through the experience of attending school rather than the stated educational objectives

Eg. Sexist language, the disciplined mind and body (punctuality) , social interactions

24
Q

Family

Study These Flashcards
A

Groups of people who are related by descent marriage or adoption

25
Structural functional approach of family
Controls sexual behaviour and reproduction practices Sharing resources to meet economic needs Caring for children Socialization
26
Feminist perspective of the family
Gender roles. Women = dependent
27
Marxist perspective of the family
Capitalist division of sexual labour Reproductive vs productive labour
28
Exchange theory of family
Think rewards of marriage will put weigh costs Think marriage is more rewarding than alternatives (single)
29
State involvement in the family
Legal/official definition of family Family law Rights of custody Recognizing cohabitation
30
Anthropomorphism
Talking about animals in human terms
31
Health
State of complete physical mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease
32
Bio medical model of health
Assumes that illness can be classified and treated in an objective way No diagnosis/medication = no illness
33
Social model of health
Reject scientific objectivity Definition of health vary throughout cultures
34
Structural functionalist theory of health
Good health and effective medical care = essential for smooth functioning of society Play the Sick role in order to be perceived as ill
35
Conflict theory on health
Social inequality characterizes quality of health care and health
36
Symbolic interactionism on health
Health and illness = social constructions No objective reality of diseases
37
Structural functionalist approach on ageing
To enable younger people to assume important roles, society must encourage older people to disengage from these roles and take on more appropriate ones
38
Conflict Theory and ageing
Age based prejudice and discrimination
39
Ideological social change
Industrialization | Expansion of democracy and human rights
40
Technological social change
Printing press Telephone Car PC
41
Collective behaviour/action
Voluntary often spontaneous activity engaged in by a large number of people often violate dominant group norms
42
Le bon's 3 characteristics of a crowd
Anonymity Contagion (feelings and emotions are reciprocated) Suggestibility (more susceptible to persuasion)
43
Le bon's 2 types of crowds
Natural: arise spontaneously (revolutionary threat) Artificial: level of organization exists (social movement)
44
Contagion theory
Crowds exert hypnotic influence on their members. That combined with anonymity results in irrational emotionally charged behaviour
45
Convergence theory
People with similar beliefs/emotions come together
46
Emergent norm theory
Crowds establish their own norms of behaviour based on a few key noters who guide behaviour
47
Social movements
Organized group that at consciously to promote or resist change through collective action
48
Free rider problem
Individuals can avoid participating in collective action because they can still benefit anyway
49
Life cycle of social movement
Emergence (widespread discontent. No organization) Coalescence (form group, leaders emerge) Bureaucratization (more organization, training) Decline: repression, success/failure , go mainstream
50
Social Movement strength depends on
Worthiness Unity Numbers Commitment
51
Alternative social movement
Limited social change Particular sub group Focus on single concern (drunk driving)
52
Redemptive social movements
Radical social change Particular sub group Single issue - aim for greater change
53
Reformative social movements
Limited social change Entire society Promote broad changes in public behaviour (eg cycling lane)
54
Revolutionary social movement
Radical social change Entire society Reorganization of society (leap manifesto)
55
Ecology
A science that deals with the relationship between groups of living things and their environment
56
Ecological footprint
Measurement lol imposed by a given population in nature
57
Environmental discrimination
Disproportionate impact of environmental hazards on minority groups, both intentional and unintentional

Sociology 100 (3 decks)

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