Instrumentation Flashcards by Angela Divino

carousel-type
9-10 rgt positions
2-3 wax positions

Tissue-Transfer processors

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capacity: 30-110

Tissue-Transfer processors

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transfer of tissues, container within a basket through a series of stationary reagents arranged in-line or in a circular carousel plan

Tissue-Transfer processors

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processing fluids pumped to and from a retort in which tissues remain stationary

Fluid-Transfer processors

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10-12 rgt statiosn with adjustable temperature (30-45º)
capacity: 100-300 cassettes

Fluid-Transfer processors

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only used in histopath labs with moderate to heavy workloads
for easy preparation of tissue blocks

Tissue Embedding Center

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Tissue Embedding Center

instant cooling of the exchange plates

Freon Refrigeratory System

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Tissue Embedding Center

forms penthouse that contains molten paraffin
has a microswitch dispenser (lower left of the penthouse)
maintains paraffin optimal temperature
with adjustable thermostatic control

Paraffin Melting Chamber

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Tissue Embedding Center

filters particles & sediments

microscreen

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Tissue Embedding Center

provides a non-clogging flow of molten paraffin for the casting of the molds when the plate is gently pressed

Microswitch dispensers

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Tissue Embedding Center

“hot & cold plates”

Hot & Cold Orientation platforms

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Tissue Embedding Center

for different operations of the embedding procedure

Hot & Cold Orientation platforms

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Tissue Embedding Center

catches excess paraffin

waste drawer

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Tissue Embedding Center

to preheat forceps

hot well

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Basic instrument used that is capable of cutting section at a predetermined thickness by sliding the block into a cutting tool which is fixed and attached to the machine

microtome

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Microtome Parts

Where the tissue is held in position

block holder

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Microtome Parts

For actual cutting of tissue sections

knife/knife carrier

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Microtome Parts

To line up the tissue block in proper position with the knife, adjusting the proper thickness of the tissues for successive sections

Pawl
Ratchet Feed Wheel
Adjustment Screws

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Types of Microtomes

oldest type
simplest

rocking microtome

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Types of Microtomes

invented by Paldwell Trefall in 1881
Used to cut small and large blocks of paraffin tissues
Not recommended for serial sections because tissues are cut in slightly curved planes

Rocking microtome

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Types of Microtomes

“Minot microtome”

Rotary microtome

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Types of Microtomes

invented by Minot in 1885-1886

Rotary microtome

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Types of Microtome

operated by rotation of the flywheel
most common type used for routine and research laboratories
- sectioning paraffin-embedded tissues

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Rootary microtome

Types of Microtome

developed by Adams in 1789

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Sliding microtome

**Types of Microtome** * recommended for cutting extremely hard and rough tissue blocks * most dangerous type of microtome because it has a movable exposed knife

Sliding microtome

**Sliding Microtome** * two movable pillars holding the adjustable knife clamps, allowing the knife to be set at an angle for cutting celloidin sections * suited for sectioning specimens embedded in all forms of media * cutting sections from tough tissue blocks

Base-Sledge microtome

**Sliding Microtome** block remains stationary while a knife is moved backward and forward during sectioning

Standard sliding microtome

**Sliding Microtome** developed mainly for cutting celloidin-embedded tissue blocks

Standard sliding microtome

**Types of Microtomes** invented by Queckett in 1848

Freezing microtome

**Types of Microtomes** designed for cutting frozen sections

Freezing microtome

**Types of Microtomes** * a lever-operated valve allows the release of rapid intermittent burst of CO₂ * provides a means of preparing thin sections of fresh frozen tissues or fluorescent antibody staining techniques or histochemical enzyme studies

Freezing microtome

Types of Microtome most commonly used for rapid preparation of urgent tissue biopsies for intraoperative diagnosis

Freezing microtome

* cryotome * deisgned by Linderstrom-Lang & Mogenses in 1938

cryostat

* a microtome kept inside a cold chamber * (maintained at -5 to -30ºC by an adjustable thermostat)* * usually seen in Rotary Microtomes * (preferably rustproof)*

cryostat

**Types of Microtome** "ultramicrotome"

Ultrathin microtome

**Types of Microtome** primarily used for cutting tissues at 0.5 micra for electron microscopy

Ultrathin microtome

Ultrathin microtome's knoves are usually made of?

* glass * diamonds * sapphires

**Types of Microtomes** * block is brought to the edge to the knife-edge under microscopical control * sections are placed in a water bath adjacent to the knife-edge

Ultrathin microtome

**Types of Microtomes** designed to cut sections from fresh unfixed materials from animal or botanical sources

vibrating microtome

**Types of Microtomes** high-speed vibrations produced by a safety razor blade which provides the cutting power

vibrating microtome

**Types of Microtomes** sectioning for rigid botanical materials

hand microtome

**Types of Microtomes** * designed to cut sections from very hard materials such as: * undecalcified bone * glass * ceramics * samples are embedded in resin

saw microtome

**Types of Microtomes** * moved extremely slow against a diamond-coated saw rotating @ 600 rpm * cannot produce thin sections

saw microtome

**Types of Microtome** * designed to section large blocks of tissues * block holder is mounted on a steel carriage which slides backward and forwards on guides against a fixed horizontal knife

sledge microtome

**Types of Microtomes** for non-contact sectioning inside a botanical tissue without causing thermal damage

laser microtome

**Types of Microtome** equipped with **femtosecond laser technology**

laser microtome

**Types of Microtomes** * dual purpose * can produce rapid freezing sections or routine paraffin sections * can produce sections from 1-245 microns

computerized microtome

**Microtome Knives** 25 mm in length

plane-concave knife

**Microtome Knives** 120 mm in length

biconcave knife

**Microtome Knives** 100 mm in length

plane-wedge knife

**Microtome Knives** one side of the knife is flat while the other is concave

plane-concave knife

**Microtome Knives** * both sides are concave * recommended for cutting paraffin-embedded sections on a rotary microtome

biconcave knife

**Microtome Knives** both sides are straight * recommended for: * frozen sections * extremely hard and tough specimens embedded in paraffin blocks using a base-sledge type or sliding type

plane-wedge knife

**Microtome Angles** 1. 27°-31° 2. 15° 3. 3°-8° 4. 90° 5. ° between block face & upper knife facet

1. 27°-31° = **_bevel angle_** 2. 15° = **_wedge angle_** 3. 3°-8° = **_clearance angle_** 4. 90° minus upper facet's angle = **_rake angle_** 5. ° between block face & upper knife facet = **_cutting angle_**

Clearance angle is best at what angle?

5°

Instrumentation Flashcards

(55 cards)