Instrumentation (P) Flashcards
(90 cards)
1
Q
What are the characteristics of Soda-lime or Float glass?
A
Consumer-grade or disposable
2
Q
Can Soda-lime or Float glass crack under rapid heating?
A
Yes, cracks under rapid heating can occur
3
Q
Is Soda-lime or Float glass easy to melt?
A
Yes, it is easy to melt
4
Q
What is the characteristic of Borosilicate glass?
A
Thermally robust
5
Q
What are the trade names of Borosilicate glass?
A
Pyrex and kimax
6
Q
What is the strain point of Borosilicate glass?
A
550 degrees C
7
Q
What is Fused silica or quartz?
A
Chemically-pure silicon dioxide with no impurities and a very high melting point
8
Q
What is the melting point of Fused silica or quartz?
A
A very high melting point above 1,600 degrees C
9
Q
What are the different types of glasswares?
A
1) Beakers
2) Erlenmeyer flasks
3) Test tubes
4) Volumetric flasks
10
Q
What is the purpose of beakers?
A
For mixing and transferring of liquids
11
Q
What are the characteristics of beakers?
A
1) Flat bottom
2) Wide-mouthed
12
Q
What is the minimal percent error of beakers?
A
10%
13
Q
What is the function of erlenmeyer flasks?
A
Good for swirling, storing, and heating liquids
14
Q
What are the characteristics of erlenmeyer flasks?
A
1) Has a narrow neck and a flat bottom
2) Easy to cover
15
Q
What is the minimal percent error of erlenmeyer flasks?
A
10%
16
Q
What is the function of test tubes?
A
To collect and hold small samples
17
Q
What are the characteristics of test tubes?
A
1) Inexpensive
2) Made up of glass or plastic
18
Q
Can test tubes carry precise volumes?
A
No, test tubes carry imprecise volumes
19
Q
What is the function of volumetric flasks?
A
Used to prepare solutions
20
Q
What are the characteristics of volumetric flasks?
A
1) It has a narrow neck with markings for single precise volume
2) Not meant for heating
3) Can be stoppered or sealed
21
Q
What is the minimal percent error of volumetric flasks?
A
0.3%
22
Q
What is the use of pipettors?
A
Used to deliver small volumes of liquids reliably and repeatedly
23
Q
Can pipettors withstand exposure to extreme temperatures?
A
No
24
Q
What is the percentage of accuracy of (automatic) pipettors?
A
90-95%
25
What is the use of cuvettes or absorption cell?
Used in spectrophotometer
26
Are cuvettes made from glass or plastic?
Yes, these are made up of either glass or plastic
27
What are the different disturbances to absorbance that may occur when it comes to cuvettes or absorption cell?
1) Scratch
2) Spots
3) Marks
28
Do all glasswares need to be handled properly?
Yes, all glasswares must be handled properly
29
What should be prevented in the lab when it comes to lab equipment such as glasswares?
Breakage
30
Why is breakage needed to be prevented in the lab when it comes to glasswares?
Because it can be dangerous and may result in the loss of valuable and irreplaceable materials
31
What should be done to flasks and beakers when they are heated over a Bunsen burner?
These should be placed on gauze mat
32
What is the requirement for test tubes that will be heated?
Test tubes should be made up from heat-resistant materials
33
What should be done to containers and their corresponding stoppers?
These should be numbered
34
Why do containers and their corresponding stoppers should be numbered?
To observe direct matching when stoppers are replaced
35
Is it okay to leave pipettes lying on the tabletops?
No, because by doing so, it will promote bacterial and chemical contamination
36
What is chromic-sulfuric acid?
A common cleaning agent
37
What is the purpose of chromic-sulfuric acid?
To remove nearly impossible stains from glassware
38
What should be done to glasswares when it comes to rinsing?
These should be washed out at least 4 times with tap water and then rinsed 3 times with distilled water
39
What is the purpose of 1% Hydrochloric acid?
To wash new glasswares because they are slightly alkaline when manufactured
40
What should be done to (automatic) pipettes when these are being cleaned?
Pipettes should be placed in a vertical position with tips up in a jar of cleaning solution
41
What are (composition) plasticwares?
Manufactured from polymers of polyethylene, polypropylene, and Teflon
42
What materials are durable and suitable to store alkaline solutions?
Plasticwares
43
What is the meaning of LDPE?
Low Density Polyethylene
44
What are the characteristics of LDPE?
1) Flexible yet unbreakable
| 2) Translucent to opaque
45
What materials may soften or swell LDPE?
Various organic solvents
46
What is the capacity of LDPE to concentrated acids, alcohols, bases, and esters
LDPE has excellent resistance to dilute and concentrated acids, alcohols, bases, and esters
47
What is the temperature that can be used to LDPE for short periods of time?
Up to 90 degrees C
48
What is the temperature that can be used to LDPE which may be maintained continuously without damage to it?
80 degrees C
49
What is the minimum recommended temperature for LDPE?
50 degrees C
50
Can LDPE be autoclaved?
No
51
What is the meaning of HDPE?
High Density Polyethylene
52
What type of plasticware has higher chemical resistance than LDPE?
HDPE
53
What are the characteristics of HDPE?
HDPE are harder, more opaque, and it can withstand higher temperatures
54
What is the temperature that can be used to HDPE for short periods of time?
120 degrees C
55
What is the temperature that can be used to HDPE for continuous periods of time?
110 degrees C
56
Can HDPE be autoclaved?
No, autoclaving is not recommended for HDPE
57
What type of plasticware is used in many blow molding of lab items?
HDPE
58
What are the examples of lab items where blow molding can be applied?
Bottles and large containers
59
What is the meaning of PMP or TPX?
Polymethylpentene
60
What are the characteristics of PMP?
1) Highly transparent
2) Resistant to impact
3) Extremely rigid
61
What is the temperature that PMP can withstand for short periods of time?
200 degrees C
62
What is the temperature that PMP can withstand for continuous periods of time?
180 degrees C
63
Can PMP be autoclaved?
Yes, PMP may be autoclaved
64
Where can PMP be used?
Useful in the manufacture of volumetric apparatus
65
What are the volumetric apparatuses that can be manufactured via the use of PMP?
1) Flasks
2) Beakers
3) Measuring cylinders
66
What is the meaning of PP?
Polypropylene
67
What is PP?
A translucent plastic that exhibits excellent mechanical properties
68
What is the one major advantage of PP?
It has higher temperature resistance
69
What is the higher temperature that PP can withstand?
135 degrees C
70
Is PP autoclavable?
Yes
71
What type of plasticware has excellent chemical resistance to acids, bases, alcohols, mineral oils, and minor attack from aldehydes, esters, ketones, and aliphatic hydrocarbons?
PP
72
What type of plasticware is very suitable for items that require frequent sterilization?
PP
73
What are the equipment in the lab that require frequent sterilization?
1) Trays
| 2) Instrument jars
74
What is the meaning of PC?
Polycarbonate
75
What are the characteristics of PC?
Has an excellent dimensional stability with a high impact strength which is maintained over a wide temperature range
76
Where is PC very suitable?
PC is very suitable for the manufacture of laboratory safety shields, vacuum desiccators, and centrifuge tubes
77
What is the maximum continuous working temperature for autoclaving PC?
130 degrees C
78
What is the temperature used for PC for short periods of time?
140 degrees C
79
What is the meaning of PS?
Polystyrene
80
What are the characteristics of PS?
PS is a rigid, hard, very transparent material with a good dimensional stability
81
What is the maximum continuous temperature for the use of PS for short periods of time?
60 degrees C and 70 degrees C
82
Give two examples of equipment used inside the lab that is manufactured from PS
1) Petri dishes
| 2) Pipets
83
What are the different types of plasticwares used inside the lab?
1) LDPE
2) HDPE
3) PMP or TPX
4) PP
5) PC
6) PS
84
How should the lab worker properly clean used plasticwares in the lab?
1) After use, soak in water
| 2) If contaminated, soak it overnight with 1:10 sodium hypochlorite or bleach solution
85
What is the proper partition of the dilution of sodium hypochlorite?
One part bleach and nine parts water
86
How long should diluted sodium hypochlorite be used for plasticwares?
Within 24 hours
87
How to properly clean and rinse plasticwares in the lab?
Clean using warm detergent solution followed by two rinses of tap water and final rinse with distilled water
88
What is the use of diluted nitric acid or 3% v/v acid alcohol?
Stains or precipitates
89
How many are the steps for proper handwashing?
9 steps
90
What are the steps for proper handwashing?
1) Wet your hands
- > remove rings or bracelets before you begin because they can trap germs
2) Apply soap
- > take hands out of the water to add quarter-sized portion soap
3) Rub palms together
- > Create a rich lather for 5 seconds
4) Rub back of hands
- > Use your right palm to massage the back of your left hand. Switch hands after 3 seconds
5) Interlace fingers
- > Rub palms together. With fingers interlaced, clean the underside of your fingers by rubbing them along your knuckles
6) Scrub thumbs
- > Clasp right hand over the left thumb and rotate for 3 seconds. Repeat on the right thumb
7) Rub palms with fingertips
- > Rotate your right-hand fingers clockwise and then counterclockwise on the left palm. Switch hands after 3 seconds
8) Rinse
- > Wash soap away until the water runs clear and you no longer see suds. Turn the faucet off with elbow or paper towel
9) Dry
- > Use a paper towel to dry your hands - not your scrubs!
