Insulin Flashcards
(16 cards)
Match the insulin with its type.
Lispro / Humalog
Aspart / NovoRapid
Glargine / Lantus
Detemir / Levemir
Glulisine / Apidra
NPH / Humulin N
Regular insulin / Humulin R
Human insulin
Lispro / Humalog - rapid
Aspart / NovoRapid - rapid
Glargine / Lantus - long
Detemir / Levemir - long
Glulisine / Apidra - rapid
NPH / Humulin N - intermediate
Regular insulin / Humulin R - short
Human insulin - rapid
What is the time of onset, peak, and duration of rapid insulin?
onset: 15-30 minutes
peak: 1 hour
duration: 3 hours
When should regular insulin be administered?
prior to meals
Which two insulin types can be administered together and how?
Short-acting (regular) and intermediate (NPH)
Draw clear to cloudy. Clear = regular, cloudy = NPH. Draw short-acting first, then intermediate.
List the following types of insulin from fastest to longest acting:
Glargine, regular insulin, Lispro, human insulin, Lantus, Detemir, NPH, Humulin, Levemir, Humalog, Aspart
Lispro / Humalog, Aspart, human insulin
regular insulin / Humulin
NPH
Detemir / Levemir, Glargine / Lantus
When should intermediate-acting insulins be administered?
between meals and at night
What is the onset, peak, and duration of short-acting insulin?
onset: 30 min
peak: 2 hour
duration: 8 hour
What is the onset, peak, and duration of long-acting insulin?
onset: 2 hour
peak: none
duration: 24 hour
What is the onset, peak, and duration of intermediate-acting insulin?
onset: 2 hour
peak: 8 hour
duration: 16 hour
Your patient’s blood glucose level is 215 mg/dL. The patient is about to eat lunch. Per sliding scale, you administer 4 units of Insulin Lispro (Humalog) subcutaneously at 1130. As the nurse, you know the patient is most at risk for hypoglycemia at what time?
A. 1145
B. 1230
C. 1430
D. 1630
B - 1 hour
What are some key points to remember about administering insulin?
Rotate sites (abdomen, arms, legs) to prevent lipodystrophy.
Do not massage the site of injection, as it can increase absorption and cause hypoglycemia
What is the dawn phenomenon and how do you prevent it?
The dawn phenomenon is where the body increases blood sugar in the mornings (5-8 AM) in preparation for the day’s activities. Prevent this phenomenon by administering a night-time dose of NPH.
What is the somogyi effect and how do you prevent it?
The somogyi effect when a patient wakes up with HIGH BLOOD SUGAR. THis is caused when a normal drop in blood sugar at night (2-3 AM) causes an increased release of catecholamines and cortisol, which in turn increase the release of sugar into the blood. Without working insulin, the patient wakes up with HIGH blood sugar.
Prevent this phenomenon by eating a bedtime snack or administering a night-time dose of NPH.
Which insulins have no peak but a duration of 24 hours?
Lantus / Glargine
Detemir / Levemir
A patient is scheduled to take 10 units of Humulin N at 1100. When is a patient most susceptible to hypoglycemia?
8 hours
Which insulin can be administered via IV?
Humulin R
