Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Summer 2018 > Int. Medicine 1 > Flashcards

Int. Medicine 1 Flashcards

(66 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

_ % of adults over 65 have hypertension

A

50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

_% of HBP is primary

What does primary mean

A

90%

Unknown cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What builds up on the intimal layer of arteries to cause HBP

A

Fat and calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

3 Target organs of hypertension

A

Kidney
Heart
Brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

_ % of patients with HBP don’t know they have it

A

1/5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What main thing (with few symptoms) does hypertension do to the kidney

This leads to symptomatic _

And end stage _

A

Proteinuria and nephrosclerosis

Chronic renal failure

End-stage renal Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hypertension and the heart:
Oligosymptomatic
3 symptomatic diseases
3 end-stage diseases

A

O: left ventricle

S: angina/coronary artery disease
Systolic/diastolic dysfunction
A fib/ ventricular arrhythmias

E: MI
CHF
Ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hypertension and the brain:
Oligosymptomatic:
Symptomatic:
End-stage:

A

O: retinopathy/binswanger lesions

S: dementia, TIA

E: stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Classification of HBP

A

<120, <80 = normal
120-129, <80 = elevated
130-139 or 80-89 = stage 1
>140 or >90 = stage 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

At what BP will a patient be treatment

A

> 130/80

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

4 main groups of drugs for HBP

A

ACE inhibitors
Angiotensin receptor blockers
Thiazide diuretics
Ca channel blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a hypertensive emergency

A

Acute elevation of BP >180 or >120

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Major risk factors

A

Unstable coronary syndrome
Decompensated heart failure
Significant arrhythmias
Severe valvular disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

At what BP do you defer elective treatment

A

> 180/110

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What range of BP can you proceed with elective tx but with caution and monitoring and referral to pcp within a month

A

160-180/100-110

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Intermediate risk factors (5)

A 
History of Ischemic disease
History of compensated heart failure
History cerebrovascular disease
Diabetes mellitus
Renal insufficiency
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Minor risk factors (4)

A

Advanced age
Abnormal ECG
Rhythm other than sinus
Uncontrolled systemic HT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What can be used on retraction cords instead of epi

A

Visine, afrin, neo-synephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

3 steps to atherosclerosis

A

Inflammation
Plaque
Stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Stable vs unstable angina

A

Stable: physical effort ppts
Unstable: pptd by effort or rest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

3 types of drugs to treat ischemic heart disease

A

Nitrates
Beta blockers
Antiplatelet therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Steps to an MI

A

Plaque rupture
Thrombus
Blood flow decreased
MI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How long to wait to treat patient after MI

A

At least a month

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Three things to have on hand in case of an MI emergency

A

Nitroglycerin
Aspirin
O2 equipment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
PVC Worried?
Premature ventricular contraction No
26
A fib
Rapid, disorganized, weak atrial contractions bombard AV node
27
Treatment for bradycardia vs. tachycardia
B: implant pacemaker T: drugs
28
3 types of anticoagulant drugs
Vit. K dependent coagulation factor synthesis inhibitor Antithrombin Direct factor Xa inhibitor
29
What is different about Coumadin (warfarin) than other oral anticoagulants
Coagulation testing of international normalized ratio Inhibitis vitamin K dependent coagulation factor synthesis
30
For what 2 kinds of arrhythmias should elective care be deferred
High grade AV blocks | Symptomatic ventricular rhythms
31
What INR can you treat a patient When tested for INR
Less than 3 (especially for single tooth) Within 48 hrs
32
What happens to ventricles in CHF
1. Don’t empty during systole (not enough blood to tissues) Or 2. Don’t fill during diastole
33
Coronary heart disease causes what % of heart failure
60-75%
34
Ejection fraction: What Normal Severe
Blood pumped/blood in ventricle 55-70% normal <35% severe
35
Symptoms of heart failure
Dyspnea Fatigue Orthopnea
36
5 year survival of CHF men and women
Men: 35% Women: 50%
37
Stages ABCD of heart failure
A: high risk, no symptoms B: structural disease, no symptoms C: structural disease, symptoms D: Bad bad
38
When does medical treatment of CHF start
Stage C
39
HFpEF vs HFrEF
pEF is maintaining ejection fraction | rEF is reduced ejection fraction
40
NYHA classification I-IV
I - no symptoms II - with normal activity III - with less than normal activity IV - at rest
41
When to treat/defer pt with compensated heart failure
History is intermediate decompensated is major
42
Dual antiplatelet therapy
Aspirin and clopidogrel
43
AB prophylaxis is needed for _ in patients who have _
Anything invasive Mechanical replacement valves
44
3 things that happen in asthma patients
Contraction of airway smooth muscle Thickening of airway wall b/c of inflammation Mucous
45
Intermittent asthma is treated by _ | Persistent asthma is treated by that and _
Inhaled quick acting beta-2 agonists | Inhaled glucocorticoid
46
Well controlled asthma
``` 2x/month daytime symptoms 2x/month night symptoms SABAs <3d/week Normal activities Steroids and urgent care 1x year ```
47
How long to wait since last ED visit for asthma before elective care
3 months
48
COPD is the _ leading killer
3rd
49
COPD is caused by
Smoking and genetic susceptibility
50
Chronic bronchitis is obstruction on _
Inspiration and expiration
51
Emphysema is obstruction on _
Expiration
52
When to avoid treating COPD patients
SOB at rest, productive cough, upper respiratory infection
53
When to avoid nitrous
Severe COPD
54
T/F all of the 5 hepatitis viruses are directly cytopathic
FALSE. None are
55
Most common hep to cause liver failure
Hep B
56
Who has a predisposition to bleeding
Those with a deficiency of vit K dependent coagulation factors
57
Liver disease may cause what effect with drugs
Drugs may need dosage adjustments
58
3 reasons why liver matters in delivery of dental care
Bleeding Altered drug metabolism Infection
59
Active hepatitis dental care
No routine, urgent care with consultation of physician
60
Chronic hepatitis dental care
Routine ok, check with physician
61
Thrombocytopenia + _ = increased bleeding
Decrease in coagulation factors
62
_ of world infected with latent TB
1/3
63
3 ways to diagnose tuberculosis
Radiography Spit testing Skin test
64
Drug therapy for TB
Intensive: Isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol Continuation: isoniazid, rifampin
65
Active pulm infection dental treatment?
No elective treatment
66
Positive tuberculin skin test dental care?
Routine dental care with standard universal precaution

Summer 2018 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions