Integ Flashcards
(105 cards)
1
Q
Functions of the body membranes
A
Covers body surfaces body line and cavities for protective sheets Around organs
2
Q
Epithelial membranes consist of three membranes
A
Continuous membranes
serious membranes
mucous membranes
3
Q
Connective tissue membrane consists of What
A
Synovial membranes
4
Q
Are simple organs
A
Epithelial membranes
5
Q
Also called covering Covering and lining membranes
A
Epithelial membranes
6
Q
Epithelial membranes contains
A
Epithelial tissue layer
connective tissue layer
7
Q
Dry membrane
A
Cutaneous membrane
8
Q
Outer most protective boundary
A
Cutaneous membrane
9
Q
Cutaneous membrane Construction:
A
-epidermis is composed of Keratinizing Stratified squamous Epithelium
-It’s mostly dense fibrous connective tissue
10
Q
Moist membranes
A
Mucous membranes
11
Q
Line all body cavities that open to the exterior body surface
A
Mucous membranes
12
Q
Adopted for absorption or secretion
A
Mucous membranes
13
Q
Mucous membranes (Mucosae) Construction:
A
epithelium type depends on site
loose connective tissue ( Lamia Propia)
14
Q
Line open body cavities that are closed to the exterior of the body
A
serous membranes (serosae)
15
Q
Occur in pairs, separated by Serous fluid, who is a visceral and parietal layer
A
Serous membranes (serosae)
16
Q
Serous membranes (serosae) Construction:
A
-Simple squamous epithelium
-Areolar connective tissue
17
Q
Peritoneum
A
Abdominal cavity
18
Q
Pleura
A
Around the lungs
19
Q
Pericardium
A
Around the heart
20
Q
Lose areolar connective tissue only (no epithelial tissue)
A
Synovial membrane
21
Q
What are the two Line fibrous capsule surrounding joints
A
Line bursae
line tendon sheaths
22
Q
Secrete a lubricating fluid to cushion organs moving against each other during muscle activity
A
Synovial membrane
23
Q
Integumentary System consists of the
A
Skin ( cutaneous membrane)
skin appendages
sweat glands
oil glands
hair
nails
24
Q
Integument means
A
Covering
25
Skin or the integument is considered an organ system because of its
Complexity and extent
26
The outermost portion which is divided into thin layers called strata (stratum)
Epidermis
27
It is composed of epithelial cells and contains no blood vessels (avascular)
Epidermis
28
A fibrous protein that gives the epidermis the durability and protective capabilities
Keratin
29
Spider-man black cells that produces the brown to black pigment called melanin
Melanocytes
30
Provides a protective pigment umbrella over the nuclei of the cells in deeper layers thus shielding their dna from the damaging effects of uv radiation
Melanin
31
A concentration of melanin in one spot is called
Freckles
32
Also called langerhan cells
Dendritic cells
33
This cells play a role in immunity
Dendritic cells
34
A single row of cells immediately adjacent to the dermis
Stratum basale ( basal layer)
35
Its cells are constantly undergoing mitotic cell division to produce millions of cells daily
Stratum basale
36
How many percent of the cells in this stratum are melanocytes
10% to 25%
37
Consisting of a several cell layers immediately superficial to basal layer
Stratum spinosum (spinal layer)
38
The cells contain thick web like bunale of intermediate filaments made of a free keratin protein
Stratum spinosum
39
It sells appears by spiky because as the skin tissue is prepared for histological examination they shrink but their dysmosomes hold tight
Stratum spinosum (spiny layer)
40
are the only ones to receive adequate nourishment via diffusion of nutrients from the dermis
Cells in the basal and spiny
41
....
...
42
Thin layer named for the abundant granules
Stratum granulosum (granular layer)
43
Contain a waterproofing glycolipid that is secreted into the extracellular space
Lamellar granule
44
Combine with the intermediate filaments in the more superficial layers to form keratin fibrils
Keratohyaline granule
45
What are the cells that contain in the stratum granulosum
Lamilar granule keratohyaline granule
46
A very thin translucent band of flattened dead keratinocytes with indistinct boundaries
Stratum lucidum (clear layer)
47
it is not present in region of thin skin
Stratum lucidum (clear layer)
48
The outermost epidermal layer consists of 20 to 30 cell layers and accounts for the bulk of the epidermal thickness
Stratum corneum ( horny layer)
49
Cells in this layer are dead and their flattened scale like remnants are fully keratinized
Stratum corneum (horny layer)
50
they are constantly rubbing off and being replaced by division of the deeper cells
Stratum corneum (horny layer)
51
So called true skin has a framework of elastic tissue and is well supplied with blood vessels and nerves
Dermis
52
What are the two principal region of the dermis
Papillary layer
reticular layer
53
The more superficial dermal region composed of areolar connective tissue
Papillary layer
54
Very uneven layer and has finger like projections from its perior surface and attached to the epidermis
Dermal papillae
55
in palms of the hands and souls of the feet they produce the fingerprint pain and touch receptors are found in this layer
Dermal papillae
56
-The deepest skin layer
-it is composed of dense irregular connective tissue and contain many arteries and veins sweat and sebaceous glands and pressure receptor
Reticular layer
57
Nerve endings of capillaries
for pain and pressure
Pacinian corpuscle
58
Nerve ending sensitive to skin stretch
Ruffini endings
59
Nerve ending sensitive to light touch
Meissner's corpuscle
60
Have endings that provide touch information to the brain
Merkel's disk
61
Also referred to as hypodermis or the superficial fascia
the dermis rest on this layer
this layer connects to skin to the surface muscle
it consists of loose connective tissue and large amount of adipose tissue fat tissue
the fat serves as insulation and as a reserve for supply for energy
Subcutaneous layer
62
the dermis rest on this layer
Subcutaneous layer
63
this layer connects to skin to the surface muscle
Subcutaneous layer
64
it consists of loose connective tissue and large amount of adipose tissue fat tissue
Subcutaneous layer
65
the fat serves as insulation and as a reserve for supply for energy
Subcutaneous layer
66
Sac like structure and their oily secretion sebum lubricates the skin and hair prevents drying
Sebaceous oil glands
67
Babies are born with the covering produced by this glands called
Vernix caseosa ( cheesy varnish)
68
Modified sebaceous glands and are associated with the eyelashes and produce a secretion that lubricates the eyes
Meibomian glands
69
-Consists of a mixture of dried sebum and keratin that may collect at the openings of the sebaceous glands
-if these glands become infected pimple result
Blackheads
70
Are coiled tube like structures located in the dermis and the subcutaneous tissue
Sudoriferous ( sweat ) glands
71
-most of its functions to cool thebody -they release sweat that draws heat from the skin as the moistured evaporates at the surface
Sudoriferous ( sweat ) glands
72
Types of sweat glands
Eccrine
apocrine
73
-Distributed throughout the skin
- each gland has a secretory portion and executory tube that extends directly to the surface and opens at a pore
Eccrine
74
Found in the ear canal that produces ear wax (cerumen)
Ceruminous glands
75
Found at the edges of the eyelids
Ciliary glands
76
Sweat glands located mainly in the armpits (axillae) and groin area
Apocrine
77
These glands become active at puberty and release their secretions through the hair follicle in response to emotional stress and sexual stimulation
Apocrine
78
Body odor develops from the action of bacteria in breaking down these organic cellular materials
Apocrine
79
Almost all of the body is covered with?
Hair
80
Hairless regions
Palms of the hands
Soles of the feet
Nipple
Lips
Parts of the external genital areas
81
Hair is composed of _____ and is not living but it develops from a living vells located in the bulb at the base of hair follicle
Keratin
82
In this growth region add pigment to the developing hair
Melanocytes
83
Part of the hair that projects above the skin
Shaft
84
The portion below the skin
Roots
85
Thin bands of involuntary muscles that when it contracts the hair is raised (goosebumps)
Arrector pili (hair raiser)
86
Made of hard keratin produced by cells that originate in the outer layer of the epidermis (stratum corneum)
Nails
87
New cells from continuously in a growth region located under the proximal end of the nail
Nail root
88
Visible attached portion of the nail
Body
89
The portion of the nail that grows out away from the body
Free edge
90
Skinfolds that overlap the borders of the nail
Nail folds
91
The region beneath the free edge of the nail
Hyponychium
92
The thick proximal nail fold commonly called the cuticle
Eponychium
93
Extension of stratum basale beneath the nail
Nail bed
94
Thickened proximal part of the nail bed containing germinal cells responsible for nail growth
Nail matrix
95
Proximal region of the thickened nail matrix which appears as a white crescent
Lanula
96
What are the major functions of the nail
1. Protection against infection
2. protection against dehydration
3. regulation of the body temperature
4.collection of sensory information
97
Homeostatic imbalance of skin
Infections and allergies
athlete's foot
boils (furuncles) and carbuncles
98
Infection and allergies
athlete's foot
boils (furuncles) and carbuncles
Cold sores ( fever blisters )
contact dermatitis
impetigo
Psoriasis
99
Infection and allergies
Cold sores ( fever blisters )
contact dermatitis
impetigo
Psoriasis
100
Tissue damage and cell death caused by heat electricity uv radiation or chemicals
Burns
101
Only epidermis is damaged skin is red and swollen
First degree burn (superficial burn)
102
-Epidermis and superficial part of dermis are damaged
Second degree burn (partial thickness burn)
103
-Destroys epidermis and dermis burned area is painless
-requires skin graphs as regeneration is not possible
-burn area is blanched
3rd degree burn (full thickness burn)
104
-Extends into deeper tissues bone muscle tendons
- appears dry and leathery
-require surgery and grafting -may require amputation
4th degree burn
105
is divided into thin layers called
strata (stratum)
