Integrated Physical Sciences Flashcards
(116 cards)
1
Q
There is a net force, so acceleration is possible.
A
Non-Zero Net Force
2
Q
The amount of space something takes up
A
Volume
3
Q
Speed and direction
A
Velocity
4
Q
When forces combine to make a net force of zero
A
Balanced Forces
5
Q
Something that can be tested about how nature works
A
Hypothesis
6
Q
No net force and acceleration isn’t possible
A
Zero Net Force
7
Q
Push or Pull
A
Force
8
Q
Distance traveled during a time interval
A
Speed
9
Q
Statement supported by scientific evidence and repeated experiments.
Describes a widespread pattern in nature.
A
Law
10
Q
Explains a wide range of observations and is supported by a lot of scientific evidence
A
Theory
11
Q
The tendency to keep the same motion, to remain at rest, or to maintain the same velocity.
A
Inertia
12
Q
Two quantities increase or decrease together at the same rate
A
Direct Proportionality
13
Q
As one quantity increases, the other decreases in a way that their product remains constant
A
Inverse Proportionality
14
Q
No relationship between two variables- changes in one variable do not predict changes in the other
A
No correlation
15
Q
The fixed number that relates two quantities that are proportional to each other
A
Proportionality Constant
16
Q
Where x and y meet at zero on a graph
A
Origin of the Plot
17
Q
A quantity that compares the values of 2 variables, usually expressed as a fraction.
A
Ratio
18
Q
Two scientists announced that they were able to produce nuclear fusion in the laboratory. However, many other scientists attempted the same experiment and none were able to replicate the results.
What is the appropriate scientific approach for dealing with this contradiction?
A
Reject the first scientists’ discovery because the results could not be confirmed
19
Q
Two boxes sitting on the floor look identical, but one has more mass than the other.
What happens when the same net force, sufficient to overcome static friction, is applied to each box?
A
The box with less mass accelerates more.
20
Q
Ball 1 and ball 2 have the same mass and are traveling at the same speed. The two balls collide head on and stick together in an inelastic collision. Assume there is no friction.
What happens to the motion of the balls after the collision?
A
They stick together and remain at rest.
21
Q
Which force causes meteors to burn up when they enter Earth’s atmosphere?
A
Friction
22
Q
Which kind of electromagnetic radiation carries information to and from a cell phone when it is used for a phone call?
A
Microwaves
23
Q
Which type of wave has a longitudinal motion?
A
Sound Waves
24
Q
Which statement correctly contrasts sound waves and electromagnetic waves?
A
Sound waves travel slower than electromagnetic waves.
25
A slingshot is a Y-shaped stick with rubber bands between the prongs for shooting stones and other small projectiles. A stone is shot by first placing it in the slingshot holder, which is attached to the rubber bands. The stone and holder and then pulled back, stretching the rubber bands. When released, the stone is propelled forward and leaves the slingshot at a high speed.
Which type of energy transformation occurs from the point when the rubber bands are fully stretched to when the stone leaves the slingshot?
Elastic potential energy is converted into kinetic energy.
26
What energy conversion takes place as a box slides to a stop on a horizontal table?
Kinetic energy is converted into thermal energy.
27
When baking soda is added to vinegar, a chemical reaction occurs. The reaction produces carbon dioxide gas, and a liquid solution consisting mostly of water and a salt called sodium acetate.
How is mass affected in this reaction, according to the law of conservation of matter?
The total mass of baking soda and vinegar must equal the total mass of carbon dioxide and the liquid solution.
28
describes a compound
A substance with sodium atoms bonded to chlorine atoms
29
During heavy rains, the soil on a farm is washed away into a nearby river.
Which parts of the water cycle result in this loss of soil?
Precipitation and Runoff
30
A gardener is working in a garden on a hot, humid day. Suddenly, clouds begin to form. Within a few hours, gusty winds and a thunderstorm are passing through the area. After the storms pass, the weather is clear and much cooler.
What caused this change in weather?
A cold front moved through the area.
31
A hiker needs to select a day for a hike. The hiker examines weather forecasts for the next several days.
Which day should the hike be planned for, if the hiker wants to hike on a clear day with no clouds?
A day when a high-pressure system rests over the area
32
Which renewable energy source is used to create electricity through the production of steam?
Geothermal
33
A geologist is doing a risk assessment for a location where the African plate is moving away from the South American plate.
Which risk description must the geologist give for this location?
There is high risk of volcanoes and low risk of large earthquakes.
34
Where is metamorphic rock found in the rock cycle?
After heat and pressure
35
Sir Isaac Newton discovered that the force of gravity between two masses increases if the masses increase, and decreases if the distance between the masses increases. No experiments have ever contradicted this relationship.
Which type of scientific statement is this?
Law
36
The well-accepted scientific explanation for many characteristics of Earth's crust states that the crust is broken into several large plates. These plates move slowly over the mantle below because of convection and other processes. Earthquakes and volcanoes are most common at places where the plates interact. Evidence from physics, chemistry, and geology supports this explanation.
Which type of scientific idea is this explanation an example of?
Theory
37
Which action demonstrates a chemical change?
Cooking an egg
38
Which type of bond is formed when valence electrons are shared between two atoms?
Covalent
39
Alfred Wegener noticed that the coastline of the western edge of Africa looked like it would fit almost perfectly with the coastline of _______ , which in part led him to develop the theory of plate tectonics.
South America
40
The very few organisms preserved as fossils are more likely to be found in _______ rocks than in the other rock types because fossils are best preserved in environments without high pressure and temperature, and where there is also a lack of oxygen.
Sedimentary
41
A road cut along an interstate reveals a vein of granite, an igneous rock, cutting through one layer of gneiss, a metamorphic rock, and four layers of limestone and mudstone, both being sedimentary rocks. Using the principles of superposition and crosscutting relationships, a geologist could tell that the igneous vein occurred _______ shallow seas covered the area.
After
42
Dinosaurs lived in the ______ era.
Mezozoic
43
Hydraulic fracturing (or “fracking”) and horizontal drilling release natural gas trapped in shale rock formations between 1 and 2 km below Earth’s surface. Shales are ________ rocks that form when particles are cemented together.
Sedimentary
44
Lava is comprised of molten rock released from active volcanos. Lava that flows down the sides of a mountain and eventually cools becomes _________ rock.
Igneous
45
Calcite is a very common component of the Earth’s crust. Calcite is made up of one type of molecule (CaCO3), and is classified as a
Mineral
46
A popular trend in cosmetics is to use mica in eyeshadow, nail polish, and makeup to add lovely flecks of sparkle. Mica is mined as flakey, layered sheets of silicates that are ground up for use in makeup. Mica is classified as a
Mineral
47
In order for a dune to form, it is necessary that _________ be present to cause deposition of the sand.
Obstacles
48
Weathering and water erosion carved _________ where the Connecticut River, the largest river in the New England watershed, drains through Vermont and New Hampshire as it flows past rolling hills, forests, fields, communities, and residential areas, dropping more than 755 meters in elevation as it winds south to the border of Massachusetts.
River Valleys
49
The Mississippi River has the 7th largest __________ in the world, created from the deposition of water-carried sediments and nutrients derived from a drainage basin comprising 41 percent of the continental United States.
Delta
50
When sand storms sting our eyes and fill the windows of beachside cabins with fine grains of sand, the nearby beach is left a little smaller because of erosion by
Wind
51
The tallest dunes in North America are the shifting, golden Great Sand Dunes at the base of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains near Alamosa, Colorado and were designated as a National Park in 2000. The huge dunes of sand that lack any covering vegetation were formed when sand carried by the Rio Grande River and its tributaries was placed in the river valley by a process known as what?
Deposition
52
Stone Mountain is a granite rock dome in Stone Mountain State Park in
North Carolina near the Virginia border. The mountain’s surface is
indented with rounded, irregularly shaped pit depressions in the rock.
When the water freezes and thaws, the rock surface breaks apart. If the particle is completely dislodged and moves out from the pit, the process is called?
Erosion
53
Which of Earth’s layers is as hot as the surface of the sun, yet is solid due to extreme pressure?
Inner Core
54
Which of Earth's layer is the thickest and and is made of hot, solid rock?
Mantle
55
The MOST abundant chemical element in Earth's atmosphere is
Nitrogen
56
Compared to the air pressure at the foot of a mountain, the air pressure at the top of a mountain is
Lower
57
Air molecules that are just above Earth’s surface belong to
Troposphere
58
Which atmospheric layer contains the ozone layer?
Stratosphere
59
A light display that is typically visible in polar regions and is created by electrical activity in the ionosphere is called a(n)
Aurora
60
An air mass is warmed by the sun. What happens to the atmospheric pressure?
It decreases
61
If Earth did not rotate, global air masses would move
from the poles toward the equator
62
Air pressure changes between various regions are the main causes of
Winds
63
A front is the boundary between
two air masses of different temperatures
64
Water heats up more slowly than land. As a result, the land surface is warmer than the sea in the daytime. This creates a wind close to the surface that blows
from the sea toward the land
65
The hydrologic cycle is the motion of
liquid and solid water between the ocean, atmosphere, and land
66
How much of Earth's surface water is in the oceans?
Almost all of it
67
When ice pellets travel up and down in clouds, becoming larger as they add layers of ice, _______ forms.
Hail
68
A column of fast-moving air that spins counter-clockwise in the northern hemisphere and is created when moist, warm air near the ocean surface is pulled upward is called a
Hurricane
69
What is the MOST abundant greenhouse gas in the atmosphere?
Water Vapor
70
The greenhouse effect is
the absorption of solar radiation by greenhouse gases in the lower atmosphere
71
Which of the following is a chemical change?
A metal bridge turns brown as it rusts.
72
Salt dissolves in water to form saltwater. Is this considered a chemical change or a physical change?
This is a physical change
73
The fuel in a lighter is butane. When butane burns, the following change takes place.
2C4H10 + 13O2 → 8CO2 + 10H2O
Is this a chemical change or a physical change?
Chemical
74
Two atoms of nitrogen bond together to form N2. What type of chemical is N2?
N2 is an element
75
Cu+1 is an ion of copper with a charge of plus one. If Cu+1 loses an electron, what will be formed?
Cu+2
76
What type of bond forms when electrons are shared between 2 non-metal atoms?
Covalent Bond
77
Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin. What type of bond holds bronze together?
Metallic Bond
78
What happens to the electrons when a metallic bond is formed?
Electrons float free in an electron sea.
79
Which of the following statements about metalloids is true?
Metalloids are shiny and have intermediate conductivity.
80
You conduct experiments on a sample of an unknown element and find that it is shiny, malleable, ductile, and conducts electricity well. In which of the following categories does this element MOST LIKELY belong?
Metal
81
Aluminum (Al) and chlorine (Cl2) can react to form aluminum chloride (AlCl3) according to the following balanced chemical equation:
2Al+3Cl2→2AlCl3
If 10 g of aluminum reacts with 39 g of chlorine, how many grams of aluminum chloride will form?
49g
82
An inflated balloon expands when placed in the hot sun. Why?
The particles of matter in the balloon spread out more, which increases the size of the balloon.
83
An ice cube has a mass of 100 g. How much liquid water is present when the ice cube melts?
100g
84
Two molecules of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) react to form two molecules of water (H2O) and one molecule of oxygen (O2) according to the following balanced chemical equation:
2H2O2→2H2O+O2
What substances are reactants in this reaction?
H2O2 is the only reactant.
85
What is true about chemical and physical changes?
Matter is conserved in both chemical and physical changes.
86
The temperature increases as the result of the following chemical reaction:
A + B → C
What happens to the motion and kinetic energy of particles of matter?
The motion and kinetic energy of particles increases.
87
Which of the following processes result in an increase in the motion and kinetic energy of particles?
Melting and evaporation
88
Wearing damp clothes can make you feel cold. Why?
The water evaporates, a process that absorbs heat from your body.
89
If the net force is zero on a motorcycle traveling at 20 m/s, which of the following statements is true concerning the motion of the motorcycle?
The motorcycle will continue traveling at 20 m/s.
90
For which case is there a net force acting on the object?
An apple that has fallen to the ground
A hockey puck sliding across the ice at a constant speed in a straight line
<<<<<<>>>>
A 300 pound weight being held motionless over the head of a weightlifter
91
A non-zero net force is necessary to
Cause acceleration
92
True or False: A force is not needed to cause acceleration.
False
93
A car’s engine provides a force of 200 N forward, while a force of 150 N from air resistance acts to oppose the car’s motion. What is the net force and its direction on the car?
50N forward
94
If the net force acting on an object is halved, how will the acceleration change?
The acceleration will be half as much.
95
Two tug boats attach their lines to a separate barges with the same masses in a shipping channel. If one tugboat pulls Barge A towards the west while the other tugboat pulls Barge B in the same direction applying twice as much force, which barge will accelerate more?
Barge B
96
True or False: Inertia is the tendency of an object to keep its same motion.
False
97
Inertia depends on an object’s
Mass
98
A moving van worker notices that the amount of force that he has to apply to get a couch to start moving across a room depends on the __________ of the couch because of inertia.
Mass
99
If you press your hand downward on a book lying on a table, the reaction force to your hand is __________.
the book pushing up against your hand
100
True or False: A kangaroo pushes off the ground, and the ground pushes the kangaroo forward.
True
101
True or False: Objects that are interacting must be moving for Newton’s third law to apply to them.
False
102
During your trip, your car goes through several different types of motion changes. After a few minutes of driving at a constant ____________ of 25 m/s toward the East, you approach a stop sign and come to a stop.
Velocity
103
When a candle burns, its molecules consisting of hydrogen and carbon atoms combine with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. The physical science that is BEST for dealing with how the light from the candle travels through space is
Physics
104
Auroras are bursts of light that happen when charged particles from the sun interact with Earth's magnetic field and atoms and molecules in our atmosphere.
Which physical science is BEST SUITED explain the interactions of the charged particles with magnetic field?
Physics
105
The physical science that is BEST for finding the best locations to drill for the petroleum used to make the candles is
Earth Science
106
The science BEST for studying how hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide react is
Chemistry
107
Acidic soil reacts with common rock-forming minerals to release ions to form new minerals. Which physical science is BEST for studying these processes?
Chemistry
108
The science BEST for studying photosynthetic bacteria is
Life Science
109
What is usually the main advantage of being able to do a laboratory experiment rather than a field study if both investigations allow you to collect similar information?
It is possible to change only one variable at a time.
110
Which of the following terms best describes a research project that involves sending a space probe to a distant asteroid to land on it and collect data?
Observational Study
111
A space probe is an unmanned spacecraft. Which of these terms BEST describes a research project in which a space probe is sent to collect soil samples on planet Mars and then report the data back to Earth?
Field Study
112
Which of these fields depends the MOST on observational studies?
Earth Science
113
The kinetic theory of gases is based on the assumption that the molecules that form the gas are in random motion and bounce off the walls of their container and off each other as if they were billiard balls. The forces between real molecules are more complicated.
using a model
114
Why can’t astronomers carry out a scientific research study to determine which visible star, other than our sun, is the nicest?
There is no way to prove any answer wrong.
115
In 1811, physicist Amedo Avogadro proposed that the same volume of two different gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules. His proposal received little attention until the 1850s, when chemist Stanislao Cannizzaro, in particular, argued that Avogadro’s idea agreed with all the physical and chemical laws discovered up to that time.
Today, Avogadro’s statement about gases is sometimes referred to as “Avogadro’s hypothesis” or “Avogadro’s law.” Which statement describes when each of those two terms would be MOST accurately applied?
It is most accurately described as a hypothesis starting in 1811, but a law after the 1850’s.
116
Albert Einstein developed a detailed and far-reaching explanation of gravity being caused by the bending of space and time by the presence of matter. This explanation made far-reaching predictions of phenomena that were later confirmed, such as the bending of the path of light when the path passed close by a star. It is currently the basis for many phenomena observed in astronomy.
Einstein’s explanation would be MOST accurately described as a
Theory
