Integrative Biochemistry

Question 1

Synthesis of compounds from smaller raw materials.

Answer 1

Anabolic

Question 2

Given an example of an amphibolic pathway.

Answer 2

Citric Acid Cycle

Question 3

What is the brain’s primary fuel source in long term fasting?

Answer 3

Ketone bodies

Question 4

Blood component that is higher in concentration than a normal overnight fast in a person whose been fasting completely for a week?

Answer 4

Ketone bodies

Question 5

This is a sequence of 10 reactions catalyzed by enzymes leading to the formation of pyruvate releasing free energy.

Answer 5

Glycolysis

Question 6

This reaction yields ATP and NADH.

Answer 6

Both Glycolysis & Kreb’s cycle

Question 7

This process has a preparatory or investment phase wherein ATP is consumed and a pay-off phase wherein ATP is produced.

Answer 7

Glycolysis

Question 8

This process provides precursors of certain amino acids.

Answer 8

Both Glycolysis & Krebs Cycle

Question 9

The reactions of this process are carried out by 8 enzymes that completely oxidize acetate.

Answer 9

Kreb’s Cycle

Question 10

Which hormone is produced by B-cells of the islets of Langerhans

Answer 10

Insulin

Question 11

This is an alternate pathway for ethanol metabolism induced in chronic alcoholics.

Answer 11

Microsomal ethanol oxidation system

Question 12

Rate limiting enzyme of urea cycle.

Answer 12

Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I

Question 13

Rate limiting enzyme of pyrimidine synthesis.

Answer 13

Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II

Question 14

Most deficient lipids in a teenager with a fat-free diet for several weeks.

Answer 14

Prostaglandins

Question 15

Characteristic of regulated reactions in glycolysis

Answer 15

1. Regulated reactions are also irreversible reactions .
2. Include the enzymes hexokinase , phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase.

Question 16

Action of AMP-activated kinase that explains the adipose tissue benefits of metformin.

Answer 16

Inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin and mtor kinase inhibitor

Question 17

Characteristic of fasting metabolic state

Answer 17

1. Ketone bodies are synthesized in liver in the fasting state and the amount synthesized increases as fasting extends into starvation.
2. In the fasting state , the main metabolic fuel for most tissues comes from fatty acids released from adipose tissue

Question 18

Only GLUT transporter that requires insulin.

Answer 18

GLUT-4 in skeletal muscle & adipose tissue

Question 19

Hormone on the fed state

Answer 19

Insulin

Question 20

2nd messenger of Insulin.

Answer 20

Tyrosine Kinase

Question 21

2nd messenger of glucagon.

Answer 21

cAMP

Question 22

Storage place of glycogen

Answer 22

Muscle> Liver

Question 23

Helper of Glycogen Synthase.

Answer 23

Branching enzyme: a-1,6-glycosidic linkage

Question 24

Organs where glycogenolysis happens.

Answer 24

Muscle > Liver (Liver is a giver)

Question 25

Missing enzyme in muscle compared to liver.

Answer 25

Glucose-6-Phosphatase

Question 26

End product of glycogenolysis in the muscle.

Answer 26

Glucose-6-Phosphate

Question 27

End product of glycogenolysis in the liver.

Answer 27

Glucose

Question 28

When does Glycogen phosphorylase stop?

Answer 28

Limit Dextrin (4 glucose)

Question 29

What does a debranching enzyme do?

Answer 29

Liberation of glucose

Question 30

Reactions that occur in the mitochondria only.

Answer 30

1. Beta-oxidation 2. Acetyl-coA synthesis 3. TCA Cycle 4. Oxidative phosphorylation 5. Ketogenesis 6. Ketolysis (BATOKK)

Question 31

What part of the immunoglobulin binds to the antigen? a. Epitope b. Paratope c. Mimitope d. Isotope

Answer 31

Paratope

Question 32

Which metabolic process is opposite of gylcolysis?

Answer 32

Gluconeogenesis

Question 33

What part of the antigen where immunoglobulin binds? a. Epitope b. Paratope c. Mimitope d. Isotope

Answer 33

Epitope

Question 34

A non protein component that is a metal ion?

Answer 34

Cofactor

Question 35

Non protein component that is a small organic molecule?

Answer 35

Coenzyme - usually derived from vitamins - can be a cosubstrate or prosthetic group

Question 36

Molybdenum is a cofactor of what oxidase enzymes?

Answer 36

1. Aldehyde 2. Sulfite oxidase- Xanthine oxidase

Question 37

Thiamin vit B1 is an important coenzyme of? (4)

Answer 37

BAPT -Branched chain ketoacid dehydrogenase -Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase ( TCA Cycle) -Pyruvate dehydrogenase ( Glycolysis- TCA Cycle) -Transketokase (HMP Shunt)