Integumentary Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is integumentary integrity
intact skin, including the ability of the skin to serve as a barrier to environmental threats such as bacteria, pressure, shear, friction, and moisture
What is the structure of the skin>
epidermis
dermis
hypodermis
What are the layers of the epidermis?
stratum corneu,
stratum lucidum
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale
basement membrane
What is the stratum corneum?>
most superifical layer that acts as the primary barrier
composed of soft keratin, dead squamous cells
What is stratum lucidum
second layer below stratu corneum
thin, clear layer of dead skin cells
typically only seen in regions like the palms of the hands and sole of feet
What is stratum granulosum
layer that contains the transition zone for the development of keratin
What is stratum spinosum
layer contains spiky or spiny projections
What is stratum basale?
the deepest and most continuous layers of the epidermis
typically 1-3 layers of thick cells
regenerates the epidermis
contains other cells (Merkel, Langerhans, Melanocytes, keratinocytes)
What is the basement membrane?
the layer that separates the epidermis and dermis
What are the functions of the dermis>
thickest layer
functions:
thermoregulation
storage of water/maintaining hydration
provides nutrients and waste removal for itself and the epidermis
What are the two regiosn of the dermis?
papillary region– bumpy surface that interdigitates with the epidermis, strengthening the connection
reticular region– contains collagen, elastic, and reticular
What is the hypodermis?
subcutaneous tissue
attaches skin to underlying bone and muscle
contains loose connective tissue, adipose tissue, and elastin
provides insulation and shock absorption
What are risk factors that affect tissue healing?
comorbitities – CV, DM, SCI
nutrition
obesity
smoking, alcohol
sedentary or limited mobility
impaired sensation
risk-prone behavior
What are extrinsic factors that affect tissue healing?
shoes
orthotics, prosthetics
seating
positioning and posture
haristyles
vital signs and sensory testing
other exam items (MMT, goni, etc)
What is blanchable skin?
reddened area that turns pae under applied light pressure
What is non blanchable?
an area of redness that does not blanch under applied light pressure
more concernes with potential pressure injury
What are abnormal skin colors?
blue= cyanosis
purple= deep tissue injury
red= infection or inflammation
(or dermatitis or cellulitis, erythema)
white= Reynaud’s
black= necrosis, gangrene
yellow= jaundice
What is erythema?
abnormal red color
may indicate underlying infection
indicative of Stage 1 pressure injuries if over bony prominence
may be a 1st degree burn
What is the alphabet of nail melanoma?
A= age range 20-90 years, African American, Native American,, Asian
B= band of brown or black pigment in nail, breadth of >3mm OR border that is irregular/blurred
C= change in size or growth rate of nail band OR lack of change in irregular nail despite treatent
D= digit involved (most common in thumb>big toe>index finger)
E= extension of brwon or black pigment to the side or base of the nail
F= family or personal hx of melanoma or irregular moles
What is petechia
small 1-2 mm, <3 mm, red or purple spot on the skin
What is purpura
> 3 mm
What is ecchymosis
> 1 cm; commonly called a bruise
What is edema?
defined as excees fluid in the interstitial tissue
can be multifactorial in cause
impedes healing regardless of etiology
extent and type of edema helps identify wound etiology
What is localized edema?
sign of infection
result of inflammatory response in the immediates wound area
