Integumentary Flashcards
basal cell carcinoma
Cancer of Epidurmal keratinocytes of hair follicles/ epidermis
Risk factors for basal cell carcinoma
Intense UV exposure causes DNA mutations in hedgehog pathway
Complications of basal cell carcinella
Recurrence
Other types of skin cancer
Invasion of deeper tissues
Rare aggressive forms can damage nerves/bone/muscle, if grown beyond skin
Squamous cell carcinoma
-Cancer on any skin/mucus membrane lined by squamous epithelium
- DNA damage, p53 mutation
Complications of squamous cell carcinoma
Risk of recurrence
Spread to other tissue
Destruction of nearby healthy tissue
Risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma
Prolonged sun exposure
Immunosuppression
Microscopic features of squamous cell carcinoma
Irregular downward proliferation of epidermis into dermis
Gross features of squamous cell carcinoma
1-Ulcerated growth w/ elevated margins
2-raised fungating/polypoid w/o ulcer
Melanoma
-Most serious of skin cancers
- damage to the melanocytes that proliferate
Risk factors for melanoma
Family history
Basal cell carcinoma
Severe frequent exposure to u v radiation- most common
Immunosuppression
Complications of melanoma
Risk of recurrence and metastasis
Secondary infection from compromised skin barrier
Atopic dermatitis patho
Defect in fillagrin protein–> disruption of keratinocyte differentiation–> impaired integrity/ cohesion of cells in stratum corneum–> permeable skin barrier/loss of moisture
Atopic dermatitis risk factors
Family history
Eczema
Allergies
Antibiotic
Age(kids)
Complications of atopic dermatitis
-Other allergic diseases like asthma/ allergic rhinitis
- infection
- sleep disturbances
- cardiac complications
Triggers for atopic dermatitis
-Dust mites/pollen
- dry cold climate
- soaps/ detergents
- stress
Fillagren defect in atopic dermatitis causes…
Cytokines released–> further decreases filibrine levels/ promotes inflammation—> triggers immune pathway
Acute phase atopic dermatitis is mediated by
Th2
Chronic phase atopic dermatitis is mediated by
Th1 and Th17
