Integumentary disorders Flashcards Preview

S2 PTA 104 disease > Integumentary disorders > Flashcards

Flashcards in Integumentary disorders Deck (25)
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1
Q

5 layers of epidermis

A

Stratum corneum - Luciderm - granulosum - spinosum - basale

- Vit d produced in last 2, nutrients and fluid diffuse to epidermis via blood vessels in the dermis

2
Q

Dermis

A
  • connective tissue (elastin and collagen)
  • nerve endings, lymph and blood vessels
  • receptors for pain, pressure, heat, & cold
3
Q

Functions of skin

A

First line of defense! innate immunity

  • prevents excessive fluid loss
  • controls body temp
  • sensory info against environmental hazards
  • synthesizes ad activates Vit d
4
Q

Older adults

A
  • flattening of the basement membrane
  • loss of elastic fibers
  • weakened collagen
  • decreased subcutaneous fate
  • thinner stratum corneum
5
Q

Skin lesion treatment

A
  • antihistamine (itching)
  • local wound care
  • systemic meds if severe
  • surgical removal
6
Q

Descriptive information

A

Location of skin lesion

  • length of time lesion has been present
  • change that have occurred over time
  • physical appearance: color, elevation, texture, type of exudate, presence of pain or pruritus
7
Q

Pressure injury

A

Prolonged pressure on bony prominence, friction, shearing, maceration, dehydration, malnutrition, poor circulation
- 2 hrs in bed, 15 min in chair, 35 degree S-L, head of bed < 30 degree

8
Q

Pressure injury stages

A
  1. Alteration in intact skin temp, consistency, sensation, persistent redness
  2. Loss of epidermis/dermis, blister abrasion, partial thickness
  3. Full thickness / subcutaneous, deep crater
  4. Full thickness, necrosis, muscle, bone, tendon, capsule
    - unstageable: Escher / necrotic tissue requires debridement
    - deep tissue injury
9
Q

Treatment of pressure injury

A
  • pressure relief
  • wound care: clean, debride, infection control, moisture balance, nutrition, address circulation
  • exercise
  • hi volt e stim
10
Q

Diabetic (neuropathic) wounds

A
  • typically on the plantar surface
  • callus common on wound edge
  • tunneling common
  • foot deformities contribute to excess pressure
  • decreased “protective sensation” leads to lack of feeling irritants
11
Q

Diabetic wounds

A
  1. Risk factors
    - poorly controlled blood sugars
    - poor nutrition
    - obesity
    - peripheral neuropathy
  2. Testing: monofilament for protective sensation
12
Q

Treatment of diabetic wounds

A
  1. Prevention of infection
  2. Off loading
  3. Surgical debridement
  4. Growth factors
  5. Manage blood glucose levels
13
Q

Venous wounds

A
  • venous insufficiency
  • gaiter area of leg
  • edema
  • superficial wound (no tunneling)
  • lots of drainage
  • common with severe lymphedema
14
Q

Treatment of venous wounds

A
  • wound care
  • compression
  • treat underlying medical conditions (fluid control and infections)
15
Q

Arterial wounds

A
  • caused by poor blood perfusion
  • dry wound bed
  • gangrene
  • punched out wound edge
  • DO NOT COMPRESS
  • many require vascular surgery to restore blood flow
  • high amputation risk
16
Q

Inflammatory skin disorders

A

A broad category that includes many conditions, ranging in severity from mild to itching to serious medical health complications

17
Q

Treatment of inflammatory skin disorders

A
  • refer to physician (meds and phototherapy)
  • identify and remove irritant
  • apply emollients
18
Q

Auto-immune: psoriasis

A
  • chronic inflammatory skin disorder of unknown origin
  • onset usually occurs in the teen years
  • has remissions and exacerbations
  • lesions are commonly found on the face, scalp, elbows, and knees
19
Q

Auto-immune: scleroderma

A
  • a group of rare, progressive diseases that involve the hardening and fighting of the skin and connective tissues
  • may occur as a skin disorder, or it may be systemic, affecting the viscera
  • excess collagen
  • unknown cause
20
Q

Eschar

A
  • a slough or dead tissue that sheds from healthy skin

- eschar may be shed naturally or with debridement to prevent infection

21
Q

PT interventions

A
  1. Debridement / wound care
    • remove eschar and non-viable tissue
    • sharp debridement, autolytic, enzymatic, mechanical, maggots
  2. Techniques to increase ROM/function
    • stretching, splinting, positioning, compression
  3. Techniques to increase muscle strength/function
    • exercise
    • assess for appropriate assistive devices
22
Q

Pressure garments

A
  • control edem and the formation of hypertrophic scars by applying pressure to the wounded area
  • aid in reducing the effects hypertrophic scarring there by reducing scarring and deformities
23
Q

Have you made these connections?

A
  1. S&S = impairments
  2. Healing is predictable (time and sequence)
  3. Diagnosis does not equal acuity
24
Q

Cellulitis

A
  • common, potentially serious bacterial skin infection
  • swollen, red area of skin, feels hot and tender, may spread rapidly
  • occurs when one or more types of bacteria enter through a break in the skin
  • typically caused by staph or strep
  • can occur at any location on the body, but is most common in the lower legs
25
Q

Impetigo

A

Highly contagious infection, spread by direct contact with hands, eating utensils, and towels

  • usually caused by staph or strep
  • commonly on the face
  • presents as small vesicles that develop into yellowish-brown crusts that is red beneath they crust and exudes a honey colored liquid
  • treatment includes topical antibiotics in the early stages