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GENERAL ANATOMY 1 > INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM > Flashcards

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

largest organ

A

integumentary system

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2
Q

makes up of integumentary system

A

skin and its appendages (hair, nails, glands)

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3
Q

largest and heaviest organ comprising of 8% body weight (1.5-2m² in adults)

A

skin

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4
Q

layers of skin

A

epidermis, dermis, hypodermis*

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5
Q

functions of skin

A
  • resistance to trauma
  • barrier
  • thermoregulation
  • vitamin d synthesis
  • communication
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6
Q

outermost layer of the skin composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium and lacks blood vessels

A

epidermis

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7
Q

cells of epidermis

A

keratinocytes, melanocytes, merkel cells, langerhans cells

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8
Q

majority of epidermal cells that synthesizes keratin and found at the deeper layer

A

keratinocytes

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9
Q

found at stratum basale that synthesize brown to black pigment called melanin and shield dna from uv rays

A

melanocytes

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10
Q

continually shed melanin containing fragments called

A

melanosomes

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11
Q

associated with sensory nerves or sensations

A

merkel cells

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12
Q

macrophage-like dendritic cells which are immune defense cells within epidermis

A

langerhans cells

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13
Q

layers of epidermis from deep to superficial

A

s. basale
s. spiniosum
s. granulosum
s. lucidum
s. corneum

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14
Q

deepest and youngest layer of epidermis located under dermis where stem cells divide and give rise to keratinocytes that migrate toward the surface and replace lost epidermal cells,

A

stratum basale / germativum

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15
Q

thickest layer and forms spiny appearance bc of dermosomes that attach keratinocytes tgt making toughness of epidermis

A

stratum spinosum

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16
Q

3-5 layers of flat keratinocytes containing keratohyalin granules

A

stratum granulosum

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17
Q

only present in thick skin and is densely packed with keratinocytes containing eleidin, translucent in color

A

stratum lucidum

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18
Q

oldest layer consisting of dead, scaly, keratinized cells that form a durable surface layer and is resistant to abrasion, penetration, and water loss

A

stratum corneum

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19
Q

well-supplied with blood vessels, cutaneous glands, and nerve endings, responsible for thermoregulation, hair follicles and nail roots are attached here, and composed of collagen, elastic, reticular

A

dermis

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20
Q

layers of dermis

A

dermal papillae and epidermal ridges

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21
Q

upward waves of fingerlike extensions between epidermis and dermis

A

dermal papillae

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22
Q

downward epidermal waves between the papillae where friction ridges can be seen

A

epidermal ridges

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23
Q

wavy boundary on fingertips producing fingerprints

A

friction ridges

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24
Q

2 zones of dermis

A

papillary layer and reticular layer

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25
loose connective tissue that allows mobility of defense cells and is rich in small blood vessels
papillary layer
26
dense irregular connective tissue and has thicker bundles of collagen with less ground substance and toughens dermis
reticular layer
27
difference of thick and thin skin
- presence of stratum lucidum - reticular layer in thin skin is thicker than thick skin - thick skin (sweat glands), thin skin (sebaceous glands and hair follicles)
28
found beneath skin and is known as subcutaneous tissue or superficial fascia with more areolar and mostly made up of fats or adipose tissue, where drugs can be introduced through injection
hypodermis
29
responsible for skin color
melanin, hemoglobin, carotene
30
produced by melanocytes and accumulates in keratinocytes of s. basale & spinosum that protects skin from uv rays
melanin
31
brownish black skin color
eumelanin
32
reddish yellow sulfur containing pigment
pheomelanin
33
red pigment of blood
hemoglobin
34
yellow pigment from egg yolks and can be concentrated to various degrees in stratum corneum, found in palms and soles
carotene
35
skin markings
friction ridges, flexion ridges, freckles, moles
36
markings in fingertips for grasping and manipulation of surfaced objects, where fingerprints are seen
friction ridges
37
where skin folds and lines on flexor surface of digits, palms, wrists, elbows, etc,
flexion ridges / flexion creases
38
flat patches that vary with heredity and sun exposure
freckles
39
elevated patch of melanized skin, often with hair
moles / nevus
40
composed of dead, keratinized cells, is a hard keratin
hair and nails
41
also called pilus / pili, slender filament of keratinized cells that grow from an oblique tube in the skin called hair follicle
hair
42
fine, unpigmented type of hair that appears on fetus in last 3 mo.s of development
downy / lanugo
43
fine, pale hair, present in 2/3 of women and 1/3 of men
vellus
44
longer, coarser, more heavily pigmented type of hair found in eyebrows/lashes
terminal
45
portion of hair above the skin
shaft
46
beneath the surface that penetrates deeply into dermis/hypodermis and ends with a dilation called bulb
root
47
vascular ct where bulb grows around and provides hair with its sole source of nutrition
dermal papilla
48
mitotically active cells above the papilla, and is the hair growth center
hair matrix
49
scaly and is the core of loosely arranged cells and air spaces and is most prominent in thick hairs
medulla
50
most of the bulk of hair and is several layers of keratinized cells
cortex
51
multiple layers of thin, scaly cells that overlap each other like roof shingles with their free dges directed upward and keep hairs separated so they dont become matted together
cuticle
52
diagonal tube containing the hair root and is composed of two layers
follicle
53
extension of the epidermis; widens to form a bulge toward the deep end which is a source of stem cells for follicle growth
epithelial root sheath
54
derived from dermis and composed of collagenous ct
connective tissue root sheath
55
nerve fibers that entwine each follicle and respond to hair movements; sensations (ex: bugs crawling on skin)
hair receptors
56
pilomotor muscle/arrector pili; smooth muscle cells ext from dermal collagen fibers to ct root sheath of the follicle in response to cold, fear, touch, and other stimuli
arrector muscles
57
rich in eumelanin hair color
brown/black
58
rich in pheomelanin hair color
red
59
intermediate pheomelanin but very little eumelanin
blond
60
scarcity of melanins in cortex and presence of air in medulla
gray / white
61
hair cycles
anagen catagen telogen
62
hair cycle growth stage; 6-8 yrs for any follicle
anagen
63
mitosis creases. follicle shrinks, hair dies and loses its anchorage; lasts for 2-3 weeks
catagen
64
hard keratinized knot at its base
club hair
65
follicle rests for 1-3 mo.s
telogen
66
2 conditions of hair loss
1. alopecia - generalized thinning of hair / aging 2. pattern baldness - hair lost unevenly across the scalp rather than thinning uniformly
67
made up of hard keratin for grooming, picking apart food, and other manipulations; allow for more fleshy and sensitive fingertips
nails
68
medical diagnosis in nails in response to long term hypoxemia (oxygen deficiency in blood stemming)
swollen/clubbed
69
iron deficiency in nails
flat / concave
70
hard part and includes free edge
nail plate
71
visible attached part of the nail
nail body
72
extends proximally under the overlying skin
nail root
73
surrounding skin that rises above the nail
nail fold
74
skin underlying the nail plate
nail bed
75
epidermis within nail bed
hyponychium
76
thickening of stratum basale at the proximal end of the nail and where growth of nail occurs
nail matrix
77
type of sweat glands present in groin, anal region, axilla, and areola, beard area, and uses exocytosis mode of secretion; thicker and milky due to presence of more fatty acids and secrete sex pheromones
apocrine glands
78
type of sweat gland that is widely distributed in the body that leads to a sweat pore
eccrine / merocrine
79
at deep end of apocrine which contractile properties similar to smooth muscle
myoepithelial cells
80
inhibits bacterial growth in skin
acid mantle
81
produces and oily secretion called sebum and opens into hair follicle
sebaceous glands
82
keeps skin and hair from being dry, brittle, and cracked
sebum
83
modified apocrine glands present in external ear canal
ceruminous glands
84
milk-producing glands that develop within the female breast during pregnancy and lactation and is a modified apocrine glands
mammary glands
85
type of skin cancer that is most common and easiest to treat with high survival rate that damages dna and disables protective tumor suppressor gene in epidermal cells
uv radiation
86
types of uv radiation
basal cell carcinoma squamous cell carcinoma melanoma
87
most common type of uv radiation that is least deadly and seldom metastasize or travel to other parts of body, small and shiny bump which develops central depression and a beaded pearly edge
basal cell carcinoma
88
from keratinocytes of stratum spinosum with scaly appearance and concave ulcer with raised edge
squamous cell carcinoma
89
from melanocytes and is aggresive skin cancer common among men redheads severe sunburn in childhood
melanoma
90
ABCD rule in recognizing melanoma
Assymetry Border irregularity Color Diamter
91
type of burns that is localized within epidermis with redness and slight edema and could heal in a few days, seldom leaving scars / sunburn
first degree
92
type of burn with blisters and affected until dermis with partial thickness burns with 2 weeks - several months healing leading to scarring
second degree burn
93
beyond dermis is affected
third degree burn

GENERAL ANATOMY 1 (6 decks)

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