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Human A&P Chapter 5-9 > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Do all organs have all 4 types of tissues?

A

YES

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2
Q

What is the structure of the skin?

A
  • 21 sq ft of skin
  • loosely attached
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3
Q

Epidermis

A

-Outermost layer
- made up of stratified, squamous epithelial cells
- lacks a direct blood supply
has layers within it

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4
Q

Stratum Basale

A
  • Deepest layer of epithelial tissue
  • composed of living cells
  • cells are produced by mitosis
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5
Q

Langerhans Cells

A

Produced in bone marrow, and migrate to the stratum basale / attacking and destroying (white blood cells) / found in deepest level of epidermis

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6
Q

Melanocytes

A

Produces the protein melanin which is responsible for skin color / sunlight, and UV light stimulates production of melanin

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7
Q

Albinism

A

Genetic defect that causes the production of nonfunctional melanin and leads to a lack of pigmentation in the body

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8
Q

Freckles

A

Clusters of melanocytes, produces dark pigment in small areas and tends to fade with age

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9
Q

Stratum Corenum

A
  • Uppermost layer of the epidermis (exposed)
  • Dead cells are coated with a protein called keratin which makes them waterproof
  • The last thing a living cell does it produce keratin
  • Constantly losing dead cells from this layer
  • They are replaced by living cells in the stratum basale
  • Prevents mechanical damage and the invasion by bacteria
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10
Q

Dermis

A
  • Middle layer
  • Mainly connective tissue
  • Contains the blood supply
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11
Q

Subcutaneous

A
  • Made up of Adipose tissue (fatty layer)
  • Provides insulation
  • Gives cushioning (long term energy)
  • Females typically have a thicker layer
  • Older people have a thinner layer
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12
Q

Hair

A
  • Produced by cells in the epidermis
  • Located in the dermis
  • Keratin cells produce the hair
  • Hair follicle / root / shaft
  • Eyelashes last 3-4 months
  • Scalp hair lasts 3-4 years
  • Hair has a blood supply
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13
Q

Nails

A
  • Produced by cells of the epidermis
  • Made of keratin
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14
Q

Sweat Glands

A
  • 90-40 per cm
  • Has the same chemical makeup as urine
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15
Q

Apocrine Glands

A
  • Opens into the hair follicles
  • May contain sexual attractants
  • Discharge is due to stress
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16
Q

Endocrine Glands

A
  • Opens into the skin surface
  • Excrete water, salt, and urea
  • Controls body temp through the release of sweat
  • Ex. Earwax
17
Q

Sebaceous Gland

A
  • Found only in hair follicles
  • Secrets sebum (keeps hair pliable, good food source for bacteria)
  • Blocked glands (produces blackheads, infected glands = pimple)
  • Becomes active at puberty
  • Decreases as you age
  • Every hair has glands attached to it
18
Q

Mammary Glands

A
  • Modified sweat glands
  • Produces milk after childbirth
  • Stops producing after nursing
19
Q

Protection

A
  1. Physical trauma - elasticity
  2. Bacterial infection - compact cells
  3. Waterproof - keratin/sebum
20
Q

Synthesis of Vitamin D

A
  • Exposure to UV light
  • Regulates calcium, phosphorus in the blood
  • Muscle contrations
  • Nerve impulses
  • Lack of vitamin D may cause Rickets (Bone Deformation)
21
Q

Sensory Reception

A
  • Pain
  • Pressure
  • Temp
  • Itching
22
Q

Regulation of Body Temp

A
  • Subcutaneous Layer
  • Sweat Glands
  • Blood Flow
  • When body temp increases, blood versicles open up in the dermis allowing more blood to the surface, above the subcutaneous layer
23
Q

Hyperthermia

A

Above normal body temp

24
Q

Heat Exhaustion

A

100-105 temp
- Headache
- Tired
- Vomiting
- Low BP
- Sweating

25
Q

Heat Stroke

A

100+
- Dizzy
- Confused
- Delusions

26
Q

Fever

A
  • Infection
  • Pyrogens released in the body that goes to the brain
  • Effects the hypothalamus
  • White blood cells are more effective
27
Q

Hypothermia

A

90-95
- Below normal body temp
- Shivering
- Lack of coordination
80-90
- Slow pulse
- Hallucinations
- Loss of consciousness
- 50% mortality

28
Q

1st degree burn

A

Redness, pain (epidermis only)

29
Q

2nd degree burn

A

Redness, pain, blisters (epidermis and dermis)

30
Q

3rd degree burn

A

Full thickness burns, no pain (epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous)

31
Q

Rule of Nines

A

The front and back of the head and neck equal 9% of the body’s surface area. The front and back of each arm and hand equal 9% of the body’s surface area

32
Q

Wound Healing

A
  1. Clotting
  2. New epidermis grows in the wound
  3. New dermis grows under epidermis
33
Q

Skin Cancer

A
  • UV exposure as a child
  • Moles and sun exposure (shoulders and face)
  • Fair skinned people should be more cautious
  • Dark, irregular shaped
  • Gray skin around the mole
  • Itching
34
Q

Effects of Aging

A
  • Decrease in elastic tissue of the dermis
  • Wrinkles
  • Thinning of the subcutaneous layer
  • Sagging skin

Human A&P Chapter 5-9 (5 decks)

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