Integumentary system

Question 1

what is the name for skin

Answer 1

cutaneous

Question 2

what is the largest organ

Answer 2

skin

Question 3

how thick is skin

Answer 3

o.5mm on the eyelids and 4.0 mm on the heels

Question 4

Epidermis

Answer 4

Superficial layer, thin, epithelial tissue. Densly packed layers of cells and appears darker

Question 5

Dermis

Answer 5

Deep layer, thicker, connective tissue. very few cells and composed of collagen and elastic fibers

Question 6

What is the dermis attached to?

Answer 6

The underlying fascia by a subcutaneous layer of areolar and adipose tissues

Question 7

keratinocytes

Answer 7

90% of epidermal cells, produce keratin and lamellar granules and a barrier

Question 7

lamellar granules

Answer 7

release water-resistant lipids

Question 7

keratin

Answer 7

tough, fibrous protein

Question 8

Langerhans cells

Answer 8

Migrate to the epidermis from red bone marrow and contributes to the bodys immune responses

Question 9

Merkel cells

Answer 9

In the deepest layer of epidermis and hare contact specific sensory receptors (merkel discs) that detect touch sensations

Question 10

Melanocytes

Answer 10

in the deepest layer of epidermis, produce melanin and slender projections transfer melanin to keratinocytes

Question 11

How many layers in epidermis

Answer 11

4-5 layers of keratinocytes in various stages of development

Question 12

Thin skin

Answer 12

4 layers, covers most of the body

Question 13

thick skin

Answer 13

5 layers, covers areaas exposed to friction (palms, soles)

Question 14

kerationcytes formed where

Answer 14

Formed in the deepest layer and slowly get pushed to the surface. They accumulate more keratin as the proceed and eventually undergo apoptosis before being sloughed off

Question 15

Apoptosis

Answer 15

programmed cell death

Question 16

Stratum basale

Answer 16

Single row of columnar keratinocytes that act as
stem cells
(continually undergo cell division to produce new cells)

Question 17

Stratum Spinosum

Answer 17

Superficial to stratum basale. 8-10 layers of many-sided keratinocytes

Question 18

stratum granulosum

Answer 18

superficial to stratum spinosum. 3-5 layers of flattened keratinocytes that undergo apoptosis. Production of keratin and lamellar granules

Question 19

Stratum lucidum

Answer 19

4-6 layers of clear, flat, dead keratinocytes that have large amounts of keratin. Only in thick skin

Question 20

Stratum corneum

Answer 20

Most superficial, 25-30 layers of flat dead keratinocytes that contain mostly keratin that are pushed to the skins surface. Superficial layers are continally sloughed off and replaced

Question 21

H

Answer 21

h

Question 22

what is embedded in the dermis

Answer 22

hair follicles, glands, blood vessels ad tactile sensory receptors and nerve endings

Question 23

papillary region

Answer 23

Superficial portion, areolar connective tissue and thin collagen/elastic fibers, projections into the epidermis called dermal papillae increase the dermal contact surface

Question 24

Reticular region

Answer 24

Deep portion (thick), dense irregular connective tissue and thick collagen/elastic fibers, gives the skin its elasticity and extensibility

Question 25

Hair

Answer 25

composed of circular columns of dead keratinized epidermal celles that bonded together by proteins

Question 26

Shaft

Answer 26

Superficial portion that projects above the skin

Question 27

root

Answer 27

deep portion that penetrates into the dermis

Question 28

what composes the shat and root

Answer 28

concentric layers of cells. the Medulla, cortex and cuticle

Question 29

Hair follicle

Answer 29

surrounds the root

Question 30

hair follicle Internal root sheath

Answer 30

cellular tublar sheath

Question 31

hair follicle external root sheat

Answer 31

Downward extension of the epidermis

Question 32

dermal root sheath

Answer 32

A dense layer of dermis that surrounds the hair follicle

Question 33

papilla

Answer 33

an indentation in the bulb of the base of a hair follicule

Question 34

Papilla hair matrix

Answer 34

produces cells that form the hair and internal root sheath

Question 35

papilla blood vessels

Answer 35

nourish the growing hair follicle

Question 36

arrector pili muscle

Answer 36

smooth muscle that when contracted, causes the hair to erect on skin surface

Question 37

hair root plexuses

Answer 37

Nerve ending. Sensory receptor stimulated when hair is moved.

Question 38

Sebaceous (oil) glands

Answer 38

most open into hair follicules, not in palms or soles, release oily substance called sebum

Question 39

Sebum

Answer 39

oily substance that keeps hair from drying, prevents water from evaportaing from skin, keep skin soft and pliable, inhibt growth of some bacteria

Question 40

Sudorferous (sweat) glands

Answer 40

Release sweat into hair follicles or onto skin surface

Question 41

Sudoriferous glands Eccrine sweat glands

Answer 41

In most regions of body, sweat contains water, ion, urea and ammonia, elps regulate body temp

Question 42

Sudoriferous glands Apocrine sweat glands

Answer 42

Present in axilia, groin, breasts and face, sweat also contains lipids/proteins that are metabolized by bacteria (odour), starts functioning around pubery and stimulate dby emotional stress

Question 43

nails

Answer 43

plates of tightly packed dead keratinized epidermal cells

Question 44

nail body

Answer 44

Through epidermis, visible portion, free edge is white bc no underlying capillaries, lunula is white due to thick epithelium in the area

Question 45

nail root

Answer 45

In the dermis, buried in a fold of skin, deep to the root is the nail matrix

Question 46

nail matrix

Answer 46

germnal layer of cells that arise from the epidermis

Question 47

Functions keratin

Answer 47

protects skin and underlying tissue from external enviroment

Question 48

Functions (protections) lamellar granules

Answer 48

lipids are relased from lamellar granules prevent water from entering or leaving

Question 49

Functions (protections) melanin

Answer 49

absorbs harmgul UV light

Question 50

Functions (protections) langerhands cells and macrophages

Answer 50

assist in immunity

Question 51

Functions of sudoriferous glands

Answer 51

evaporation of sweat to regulate body temp and eliminates wastes through sweat

Question 52

functions, make vitamin D

Answer 52

UV light activates a precursor molecule produced in skin

Question 53

Cutaneous sensation

Answer 53

Touch, pain and temp are detected by the various tactile receptors and nerve endings