Integumentary System

Question 1

What is the purpose of the integument?

Answer 1

• Protect the body from
  environmental injuries
• Help regulate body temperature
• Serve as sensory organs
• Facilitate the synthesis of Vitamin D

Question 2

What two layers compose the skin?

Answer 2

Epidermis & Dermis

Question 3

Epidermis

Answer 3

The outermost layer of the skin

Question 4

Dermis

Answer 4

Lies below the epidermis

Question 5

Stratum Corneum

Answer 5

An outer layer of dead skin cells contained in epidermis

Question 6

Keratin

Answer 6

A tough protective protein formed by the stratum corneum

Question 7

Subcutaneous Tissue

Answer 7

The layer of skin attached to muscle and bone composed of connective tissue and fat cells

Question 8

What does the dermis consist of?

Answer 8

Connective tissue, elastic fibers, blood vessels, sensory and motor nerves, sweat and sebaceous (oil) glands and hair follicles (roots)

Question 9

Melanin

Answer 9

A pigment manufactured by melanocytes located in the epidermis; determine the color of the skin

Question 10

Callus

Answer 10

A thick layer of epidermal cells which form in response to recurring friction on an area of skin

Question 11

What are the four methods in which heat is lost?

Answer 11

Radiation, conduction, evaporation and convection

Question 12

Radiation

Answer 12

The transfer of surface heat in the environment

Question 13

Conduction

Answer 13

Transfer of heat through contact (like placing a cool cloth on warm skin)

Question 14

Evaporation

Answer 14

The loss of moisture or water

Question 15

Convection

Answer 15

The transfer of heat by means of currents of liquids or gases in which warm air molecules move away from the body

Question 16

What are the three types of sensory nerve endings in the skin?

Answer 16

• Mechanoreceptors
• Thermoreceptors
• Nociceptors

Question 17

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 17

Detect touch, location, pressure, motion, vibration, size and texture

Question 18

Thermoreceptors

Answer 18

Perceive sensations of heat and cold

Question 19

Nociceptors

Answer 19

Sense and transmit the location of pain stimuli

Question 20

7-dehydrocholesterol

Answer 20

A chemical substance formed by the skin which facilitates the synthesis of vitamin D when the skin is exposed to ultraviolet light

Question 21

Vellus hair

Answer 21

Has a wooly or wispy texture

Question 22

Terminal hair

Answer 22

A coarser variety of hair that develops at puberty under the influence of androgen in the axillae, pubic region, face in men, arms, chest and legs

Question 23

What are the two types of hair?

Answer 23

Vellus and Terminal

Question 24

What are the three types of melanin?

Answer 24

Brown, black and yellow

Question 25

Sebaceous Glands

Answer 25

Connected to each hair follicle and secrete an oily substance called sebum

Question 26

Sebum

Answer 26

A lubricant that prevents drying and cracking of the skin and hair

Question 27

What are the two types of sweat glands?

Answer 27

Eccrine and Apocrine

Question 28

Eccrine Glands

Answer 28

Release water and electrolytes, such as sodium chloride, in the form of perspiration

Question 29

Apocrine Glands

Answer 29

Found around the nipples, in the anogenital region, in the eyelids (Moll's glands), in the mammary glands of the breast and in the external ear canals

Question 30

Pallor

Answer 30

Pale, regardless of race possible causes: anemia, blood loss

Question 31

Erythema

Answer 31

Red possible cause: superficial burns, local inflammation, carbon monoxide poisoning

Question 32

Flushed

Answer 32

Pink possible cause: fever, hypertension

Question 33

Ecchymosis

Answer 33

Purple possible cause: trauma to soft tissue

Question 34

Cyanosis

Answer 34

Blue possible cause: low tissue oxygenation

Question 35

Jaundice

Answer 35

Yellow possible cause: liver or kidney disease, destruction of red blood cells

Question 36

Tan

Answer 36

Brown possible cause: racial variation, sun exposure, pregnancy, Addison disease

Question 37

Macule

Answer 37

Flat, round, colored (freckles, rash)

Question 38

Papule

Answer 38

Elevated, obvious raised border, solid (Wart)

Question 39

Vesicle

Answer 39

Elevated, round, filled with serum (Blister)

Question 40

Wheal

Answer 40

Elevated, irregular border, no free fluid (Hives)

Question 41

Pustule

Answer 41

Elevated, raised border, filled with pus (Boil)

Question 42

Nodule

Answer 42

Elevated solid mass, extends into deeper tissue (enlarged lymph node)

Question 43

Cyst

Answer 43

Encapsulated, round, fluid-filled or solid mass beneath the skin (Tissue growth)

Question 44

Stage I Pressure Injury

Answer 44

Characterized by redness of intact skin; non-blanchable; DO NOT MASSAGE

Question 45

Stage II Pressure Injury

Answer 45

Red and accompanied by blistering or a shallow break in the skin, sometimes described as a skin tear; partial thickness loss of skinwith exposed dermis

Question 46

Stage III Pressure Injury